LEADER 03729nam 2200781 a 450 001 9910792349103321 005 20230925201452.0 010 $a1-282-53848-9 010 $a9786612538483 010 $a0-226-32294-7 024 7 $a10.7208/9780226322940 035 $a(CKB)2670000000015072 035 $a(EBL)515747 035 $a(OCoLC)609863553 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000356414 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11266651 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000356414 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10350249 035 $a(PQKB)11050560 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000740459 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12293549 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000740459 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10700599 035 $a(PQKB)11531352 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC515747 035 $a(DE-B1597)522739 035 $a(OCoLC)1135588924 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780226322940 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL515747 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10381168 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL253848 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000015072 100 $a20061204d2007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe age of everything $ehow science explores the past /$fMatthew Hedman 210 1$aChicago :$cUniversity of Chicago Press,$d2007. 215 $a1 online resource (249 pages) $cillustrations, maps 311 0 $a0-226-32293-9 311 0 $a0-226-32292-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntroduction -- The calendars of the classic Maya -- Precession, polaris, and the age of the pyramids -- The physics of carbon-14 -- Calibrating carbon-14 dates and the history of the air -- Carbon-14 and the peopling of the new world -- Potassium, argon, DNA, and walking upright -- Molecular dating and the many different types of mammals -- Meteorites and the age of the solar system -- Colors, brightness, and the age of stars -- Distances, redshifts, and the age of the universe -- Parameterizing the age of the universe. 330 $aTaking advantage of recent advances throughout the sciences, Matthew Hedman brings the distant past closer to us than it has ever been. Here, he shows how scientists have determined the age of everything from the colonization of the New World over 13,000 years ago to the origin of the universe nearly fourteen billion years ago.Hedman details, for example, how interdisciplinary studies of the Great Pyramids of Egypt can determine exactly when and how these incredible structures were built. He shows how the remains of humble trees can illuminate how the surface 606 $aArchaeological dating 606 $aArchaeology$xTechnological innovations 606 $aRadiocarbon dating 606 $aScience$xHistory 606 $aGeochronometry 607 $aEarth$xAge 607 $aSolar system$xAge 610 $ascience, archaeology, paleontology, discovery, pyramids, deep time, calendars, maya, ancient civilizations, polaris, carbon-14, physics, calibration, new world, dna, argon, potassium, molecular dating, mammals, astronomy, solar system, meteorites, stars, universe, radiocarbon, geochronometry, technology, nonfiction, fossils, history, chronology. 615 0$aArchaeological dating. 615 0$aArchaeology$xTechnological innovations. 615 0$aRadiocarbon dating. 615 0$aScience$xHistory. 615 0$aGeochronometry. 676 $a930.1 700 $aHedman$b Matthew$f1974-$01524901 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910792349103321 996 $aThe age of everything$93765995 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05836nam 2200781Ia 450 001 9910966733403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a9780791485156 010 $a0791485153 010 $a9781423739807 010 $a1423739809 024 7 $a10.1515/9780791485156 035 $a(CKB)1000000000458382 035 $a(OCoLC)62751310 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10594729 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000186747 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11170639 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000186747 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10218884 035 $a(PQKB)10722484 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3408402 035 $a(OCoLC)62365164 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse6145 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3408402 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10594729 035 $a(DE-B1597)684556 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780791485156 035 $a(Perlego)2672157 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000458382 100 $a20040226d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aJustice for the past /$fStephen Kershnar 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aAlbany $cState University of New York Press$d2004 215 $a1 online resource (171 p.) 225 0 $aSUNY series in American constitutionalism 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780791460719 311 08$a0791460711 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 131-155) and index. 327 $aIntro -- Justice for the Past -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- SECTION 1 -- Introduction -- SECTION 2: Civil Rights Laws -- 1. The Most Qualified Applicant -- PART 1. The Job Qualification -- PART 2. The Best Conception of a Job Qualification Yields at Most a Very Weak Reason to Favor a Meritocracy -- PART 3. Antidiscrimination Laws Cannot Be Justified by Meritocratic Concerns -- PART 4. Qualifications for Educational Institutions -- PART 5. Conclusion -- SECTION 3: Strong Affirmative Action -- 2. Strong Affirmative-Action Programs at State Institutions -- PART 1. Introduction -- PART 2. The Duty to Judge Persons According to Their Interests and Desert -- PART 3. Strong Affirmative-Action Programs at State Educational Institutions Cannot Be Justified via Compensatory Justice -- PART 4. Conclusion -- 3. Uncertain Damages to Racial Minorities and Strong Affirmative Action -- PART 1. The Hypothetical Imperative to Distribute Resources in a Just Manner -- PART 2. Compensatory Justice and the Assessment of Damages -- PART 3. Compensatory Justice and Inadequate Knowledge of Damages -- PART 4. We Do Not Have Adequate Knowledge of the Amount of Compensable Injury to Current Members of Some Racial Minority Groups -- PART 5. Conclusion -- SECTION 4: Reparations for Slavery -- 4. The Inheritance-Based Claim to Reparations -- PART 1. Introduction -- PART 2. Slavery Did Not Harm the Descendants of Slaves -- PART 3. Compensation May Be Owed to the Descendants of Slaves As a Result of a Legitimate Inheritance Claim -- PART 4. Conclusion -- 5. Reject the Inheritance-Based Claim to Reparations -- PART 1. Objections to the Inheritance-Based Claim to Reparations -- PART 2. Who Owes Compensation? -- PART 3 Conclusion -- SECTION 5: Proper Respect -- 6. Intrinsic Moral Value and Racial Differences -- PART 1. The Expression of Equal Moral Value -- PART 2. The Argument. 327 $aPART 3. Implications of the Argument -- PART 4. Conclusion -- SECTION 6: Educational Diversity -- 7. Experiential Diversity -- PART 1. Grutter and Bakke -- PART 2. Experiential Diversity and Truth -- PART 3. A More General Approach to Diversity -- PART 4 Equal-Opportunity Arguments -- PART 5 Conclusion -- Notes -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 1 -- CHAPTER 2 -- CHAPTER 3 -- CHAPTER 4 -- CHAPTER 5 -- CHAPTER 6 -- CHAPTER 7 -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- G -- H -- I -- J -- L -- M -- P -- R -- S -- T -- W. 330 $aAmong the most controversial issues in the United States is the question of whether public or private agencies should adopt preferential treatment programs or be required to pay reparations for slavery. Using a carefully reasoned philosophical approach, Stephen Kershnar argues that programs such as affirmative action and calls for slavery reparations are unjust for three reasons. First, the state has a duty to direct resources to those persons who, through their abilities, will benefit most from them. Second, he argues that, in the case of slavery, past injustice?where both the victims and perpetrators are long dead?cannot ground current claims to compensation. As terrible as slavery was, those who claim a right to compensation today owe their existence to it, he reasons, and since the events that bring about a person's existence are normally thought to be beneficial, past injustices do not warrant compensation. Finally, even if past injustices were allowed to serve as the basis of compensation in the present, other variables prevent a reasonable estimation of the amount owed. 606 $aMinorities$xCivil rights$zUnited States 606 $aWomen's rights$zUnited States 606 $aMinorities$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aWomen$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aAffirmative action programs$zUnited States 606 $aAfrican Americans$xReparations 615 0$aMinorities$xCivil rights 615 0$aWomen's rights 615 0$aMinorities$xGovernment policy 615 0$aWomen$xGovernment policy 615 0$aAffirmative action programs 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xReparations. 676 $a323.173 700 $aKershnar$b Stephen$0892540 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910966733403321 996 $aJustice for the past$94363729 997 $aUNINA