LEADER 08343nam 2200769 a 450 001 9910965591503321 005 20251116140742.0 010 $a9786610192915 010 $a9781280192913 010 $a1280192917 010 $a9780309588034 010 $a0309588030 010 $a9780585002088 010 $a0585002088 035 $a(CKB)110986584751612 035 $a(OCoLC)42328500 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055638 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000151619 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11910620 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000151619 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10320279 035 $a(PQKB)11548478 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376415 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10055638 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL19291 035 $a(OCoLC)923263560 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376415 035 $a(Perlego)4740615 035 $a(BIP)46979007 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584751612 100 $a19950323d1995 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aEvolving the high performance computing and communications initiative to support the nation's information infrastructure /$fCommittee to Study High Performance Computing and Communications: Status of a Major Initiative, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Commission on Physical Science, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1995 215 $a1 online resource (133 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780309052771 311 08$a0309052777 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aEvolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation's Information Infrastructure -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-FUNDAMENTAL FOR SOCIETY AND THE ECONOMY NOW AND TOMORROW -- The Basis for Continuing Strength-A Successful Government-Industry Partnership -- Government Support of Research Is Crucial -- THE HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS INITIATIVE -- Goals and Emphases -- High Performance -- Accomplishments to Date -- Evolution -- Organization -- Budget -- THE FUTURE OF THE HPCCI: RECOMMENDATIONS -- General Recommendations -- High Performance Computing -- Networking and Information Infrastructure -- Supercomputer Centers and Grand Challenge Program -- Coordination and Program Management -- NOTES -- 1 U.S. Leadership in Information Technology -- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS CENTRAL TO OUR SOCIETY -- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES RAPIDLY -- RETAINING LEADERSHIP IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS VITAL TO THE NATION -- THE FEDERAL INVESTMENT IN COMPUTING RESEARCH HAS PAID RICH DIVIDENDS -- CONTINUED FEDERAL INVESTMENT IS NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN OUR LEAD -- TODAY THE HPCCI IS THE UMBRELLA FOR MOST GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH -- NOTES -- 2 The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative -- HPCCI: GOALS AND EMPHASES -- Basic Objectives -- Teraflop Capability -- High-speed Networks -- Grand Challenges -- Expanded Objectives -- HPCCI ACCOMPLISHMENTS -- The Issue of Measurement -- Better Computing and Computational Infrastructure -- Increasing Researcher-Developer-User Synergy -- Impact of Broad Collaboration -- Transfer of Expertise and Technology -- Impact on Mission Agencies -- Five Gigabit Testbed Projects: Collaboration and Impact -- EVOLUTION OF HPCCI GOALS AND OBJECTIVES -- Improving the Information Infrastructure. 327 $aEvolving Research Directions and Relevance for the Information Infrastructure -- Overall Computing and Communications R& -- D Planning -- Toward a Better Balance -- MOVING FORWARD-BASIC ISSUES -- Balance of Private and Public Investment -- Coordination Versus Management -- Coordinating Structure -- Drawbacks of Centralization -- National Coordination Office -- Budget -- NOTES -- 3 Recommendations -- GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING -- RECOMMENDATIONS ON NETWORKING AND INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE -- RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE SUPERCOMPUTER CENTERS AND GRAND CHALLENGE PROGRAM -- RECOMMENDATIONS ON COORDINATION AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT IN THE HPCCI -- COMMENTS RELATING THIS REPORT'S RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS RE ... -- NOTES -- Bibliography -- Appendixes -- A The High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative: Background -- THE TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC IMPERATIVE FOR PARALLEL COMPUTING -- The United States Needs More Powerful Computers and Communications -- Conventional Supercomputers Face Cost Barriers -- Small Computers Are Becoming Faster, Cheaper, and More Widely Used -- Parallel Computers: High Performance for Radically Lower Cost -- CHALLENGES OF PARALLEL COMPUTING -- Applications -- Hardware Design -- Numerical Algorithms -- Learning New Modes of Thought -- A NEW PARADIGM -- COMPUTER ARCHITECTURES -- Overview -- Sequential, Vector -- Parallel -- Generations of Parallel Computers -- First Commercial Generation: SIMD -- Second Generation: Message-Passing MIMD -- Third Generation: Memory-Sharing MIMD -- Programming -- Algorithms -- A SKETCH OF THE HPCCI'S HISTORY -- Development and Participants -- Concerns Raised in Recent Studies -- GAO Report -- CBO Report -- NOTES -- B High-Performance Communications Technology and Infrastructure. 327 $aHIGH-PERFORMANCE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE ADVANCE -- C Review of the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative Budget -- BUDGET REVIEW -- Commentary: Many Possibilities for Misinterpretation -- NOTES -- D Current High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative Grand Challenge Activities -- NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION -- DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY -- NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION -- NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY -- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ADMINISTRATION -- NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION -- E Accomplishments of National Science Foundation Supercomputer Centers -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPORTANT TECHNOLOGY ACCOMPLISHMENTS -- Supercomputer Usage at NSF Centers -- Architectures and Vendors -- Access and New Architectures -- Storage Technologies, File Format, and File Systems -- NSFNET and Networking -- Visualization and Virtual Reality -- Desktop Software, Connectivity, and Collaboration Tools -- ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN EDUCATION AND OUTREACH -- Researchers and Students -- K-12 Educators and Students -- Broad Outreach -- SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT -- IMPORTANT SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ACCOMPLISHMENTS -- Quantum Physics and Materials Science -- Biology and Medicine -- Engineering -- Earth Sciences and the Environment -- Planetary Sciences, Astronomy, and Cosmology -- F Individuals Providing Briefings to the Committee. 330 $aMaintaining the United States' strong lead in information technology will require continued federal support of research in this area, most of which is currently funded under the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative (HPCCI). The Initiative has already accomplished a great deal and should be continued. This book provides 13 major recommendations for refining both HPCCI and support of information technology research in general. It also provides a good overview of the development of HPCC technologies. 606 $aElectronic data processing 606 $aTelecommunication$zUnited States 606 $aComputer networks 606 $aData transmission systems 606 $aInformation networks 615 0$aElectronic data processing. 615 0$aTelecommunication 615 0$aComputer networks. 615 0$aData transmission systems. 615 0$aInformation networks. 676 $a338.4/7004 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee to Study High Performance Computing and Communications: Status of a Major Initiative. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910965591503321 996 $aEvolving the high performance computing and communications initiative to support the nation's information infrastructure$94353775 997 $aUNINA