LEADER 02106oam 2200433Ka 450 001 9910702855303321 005 20090707155850.0 035 $a(CKB)4330000001929325 035 $a(OCoLC)317626727 035 $a(EXLCZ)994330000001929325 100 $a20090402d2009 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aPerformance limitations of mc-Si solar cells caused by defect clusters$b[electronic resource] $epreprint /$fB. Sopori ... [and others] 210 1$aGolden, CO :$cNational Renewable Energy Laboratory,$d[2009] 215 $a10 pages $cdigital, PDF file 225 1 $aConference paper NREL/CP ;$v520-45012 300 $aTitle from title screen (viewed April 2009). 300 $a"February 2009." 300 $a"To be presented at Semicon China 2009, Shanghai, China, March 17-19, 2009." 330 3 $aMulticrystalline silicon wafers used for solar cells exhibit defect clusters--localized crystal defects in and near grains of some specific orientations. Defect clusters are also dominant sites for impurity precipitation, and they remain ungettered and unpassivated through the solar cell processing. This paper describes characteristics of defect clusters, and shows, through theory and experiment, that defect clusters typically lower cell efficiency by 3 to 4 absolute percentage points. To recover this efficiency loss, it is necessary to getter precipitated impurities. 517 $aPerformance Limitations of mc-Si Solar Cells Caused by Defect Clusters 606 $aSolar cells$xDefects 606 $aPhotovoltaic cells$xResearch 615 0$aSolar cells$xDefects. 615 0$aPhotovoltaic cells$xResearch. 700 $aSopori$b Bhushan Lal$01382971 712 02$aNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.) 801 0$bSOE 801 1$bSOE 801 2$bSOE 801 2$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910702855303321 996 $aPerformance limitations of mc-Si solar cells caused by defect clusters$93472968 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04111nam 2200757Ia 450 001 9910965246103321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a9786612160271 010 $a9781282160279 010 $a1282160273 010 $a9789027295194 010 $a9027295190 024 7 $a10.1075/pbns.126 035 $a(CKB)1000000000521110 035 $a(OCoLC)70773162 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10066532 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000249368 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11204599 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000249368 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10205941 035 $a(PQKB)10611842 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC623133 035 $a(DE-B1597)720297 035 $a(DE-B1597)9789027295194 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000521110 100 $a20040512d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aSpatial demonstratives in English and Chinese $etext and cognition /$fYian Wu 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aPhiladelphia, Pa. $cJohn Benjamins Pub.$dc2004 215 $a1 online resource (254 p.) 225 1 $aPragmatics & beyond,$x0922-842X ;$vnew ser. v. 126 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9781588115454 311 08$a1588115453 311 08$a9789027253699 311 08$a9027253692 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [211]-224) and indexes. 327 $aSpatial Demonstratives in English and Chinese -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC page -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- List of tables -- Conventions and abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The nature of spatial demonstratives -- 3. Spatial demonstratives in real space -- 4. Spatial demonstratives in displaced contexts: Similar trends of extension -- 5. Spatial demonstratives in displaced contexts: Structural constraints on the similar trends of extension -- Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Name index -- Subject index -- The Pragmatics & -- Beyond New Series. 330 $aAs a subject of universal appeal, spatial demonstratives have been studied extensively from a variety of disciplines. What marks the present study as distinct is that it is an English-Chinese comparative study set in a cognitive-linguistic framework and that the methodology features a parallel corpora-based, discourse analysis approach. The framework illuminates the nature of the demonstratives' basic and extended meaning and use, the connections between them, and the mechanisms that govern and constrain their trends of extension. The corpora place the English and Chinese demonstratives in comparable discourse contexts and processes, providing an "ecological" environment for the observation of how their behavior fits into the respective structural and discourse systems of the two languages. The study also illuminates important issues such as the subjectivity of language, language as a representational system and a vehicle of communication, the interface between form and function, and the role of context in discourse comprehension. 410 0$aPragmatics & beyond ;$vnew ser. 126. 606 $aEnglish language$xDemonstratives 606 $aEnglish language$xGrammar, Comparative$xChinese 606 $aChinese language$xGrammar, Comparative$xEnglish 606 $aChinese language$xDemonstratives 606 $aEnglish language$xArticle 606 $aChinese language$xArticle 615 0$aEnglish language$xDemonstratives. 615 0$aEnglish language$xGrammar, Comparative$xChinese. 615 0$aChinese language$xGrammar, Comparative$xEnglish. 615 0$aChinese language$xDemonstratives. 615 0$aEnglish language$xArticle. 615 0$aChinese language$xArticle. 676 $a425/.5 700 $aWu$b Yi'an$0690816 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910965246103321 996 $aSpatial demonstratives in English and Chinese$91239937 997 $aUNINA