LEADER 03671nam 2200613Ia 450 001 9910964719203321 005 20251117003538.0 010 $a0-8214-4158-2 035 $a(CKB)1000000000713885 035 $a(OCoLC)243610022 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10116596 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000277371 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11195738 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000277371 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10234047 035 $a(PQKB)11578558 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3026850 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3026850 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10116596 035 $a(BIP)35538331 035 $a(BIP)11343243 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000713885 100 $a20060130d2005 ub 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe Black laws $erace and the legal process in early Ohio /$fStephen Middleton 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aAthens, Ohio $cOhio University Press$dc2005 215 $a1 online resource (375 p.) 225 1 $aOhio University Press series on law, society, and politics in the Midwest 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a0-8214-1623-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 327-355) and index. 327 $aAmbiguous beginnings, 1787-1801 -- The many meanings of freedom, 1800-1803 -- "A state for white men," 1803-1830 -- The battle over the color line, 1830-1839 -- The struggle to abolish the color line, 1840-1849 -- Enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act, 1803-1850 -- The fugitive slave crisis in the 1850s -- The limits of freedom. 330 $aBeginning in 1803, the Ohio legislature enacted what came to be known as the Black Laws. These laws instituted barriers against blacks entering the state and placed limits on black testimony against whites. Basing his narrative on massive primary research, often utilizing previously unexplored sources, Stephen Middleton tells the story of racial oppression in Ohio and recounts chilling episodes of how blacks asserted their freedom by challenging the restrictions in the racial codes until the state legislature repealed some pernicious features in 1849 and finally abolished them in 1886. The fastest-growing state in antebellum America and the destination of whites from the North and the South, Ohio also became the destination for thousands of southern blacks, both free and runaway. Thus, nineteenth-century Ohio became a legal battleground for two powerful and far-reaching impulses in the history of race and law in America. One was the use of state power to further racial discrimination, and the other was the thirst of African Americans and their white allies for equality under the law for all Americans. Written in a clear and compelling style, this pathbreaking study will be required reading for historians, legal scholars, students, and those interested in the struggle for civil rights in America. 410 0$aOhio University Press series on law, society, and politics in the Midwest. 606 $aAfrican Americans$xLegal status, laws, etc$zOhio$xHistory 606 $aRace discrimination$xLaw and legislation$zOhio$xHistory 606 $aRace discrimination$zOhio$xHistory 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xLegal status, laws, etc.$xHistory. 615 0$aRace discrimination$xLaw and legislation$xHistory. 615 0$aRace discrimination$xHistory. 676 $a342.7308/73 700 $aMiddleton$b Stephen$01862050 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910964719203321 996 $aThe Black laws$94468310 997 $aUNINA