LEADER 05367nam 2200637Ia 450 001 9910963964403321 005 20251117095315.0 010 $a1-136-49320-4 010 $a0-203-13884-8 035 $a(CKB)2550000000096950 035 $a(EBL)958544 035 $a(OCoLC)798531316 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000623197 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11375922 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000623197 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10647587 035 $a(PQKB)10888537 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC958544 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000096950 100 $a20110809d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aOffshore renewable energy $eaccelerating the deployment of offshore wind, tidal and wave technologies /$fIEA-RETD 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aAbingdon, Oxon ;$aNew York $cEarthscan$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (329 p.) 300 $aResearch in support of the International Energy Agency's Renewable Energy Technology Development (RETD) Implementing Agreement. 311 08$a1-84971-470-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Offshore renewable energy: Accelerating the deployment of offshore wind, tidal and wave technology; Copyright; Contents; List of Tables; List of Figures; Acknowledgements; Preface; 1. Introduction; 1.1 Industry context; 1.2 Economics and financing of offshore energy projects; 1.3 Technical and non-technical barriers and their mitigation measures; 1.4 Findings, conclusions, recommendations and next steps; 2. Offshore Resource; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Resource assessment; 2.3 World distribution of offshore resources; 2.4 Summary of offshore energy resources by country 327 $a3. Offshore Renewable Energy Technologies3.1 Offshore wind devices; 3.2 Wave energy devices; 3.3 Tidal energy devices; 3.4 Foundations, moorings and grid connection; 4. Deployment Targets, Policies and Progress; 4.1 Deployment targets and policies; 4.2 Deployment to date; 5. Economics of Offshore Energy Projects; 5.1 Level of maturity of offshore technologies; 5.2 Comparison of CAPEX, OPEX and cost of energy; 5.3 CAPEX cost structure and drivers; 5.4 OPEX cost structure and drivers; 5.5 Cost of energy; 5.6 Differences between countries of project location; 5.7 Conclusions 327 $a6. Project Risks and Related Project Costs6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Effects of project risk assessment on economics; 6.3 Key technical project risks; 6.4 Impact of key variables upon total cost structure; 6.5 Conclusions; 7. Financing of Offshore Renewable Energy Projects; 7.1 Financing options; 7.2 Balance sheet finance; 7.3 Conclusions; 8. Technical Barriers and Mitigation Measures; 8.1 Barriers common to all offshore renewable technologies; 8.2 Barriers specific to offshore wind technologies; 8.3 Barriers specific to wave and tidal technologies 327 $a8.4 Mitigation and removal of technology barriers8.5 Electrical connection, transmission and grid integration barriers; 8.6 Mitigation and removal of grid connection barriers; 8.7 Conclusions; 9. Non-Technical Barriers and Mitigation Measures; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Environmental barriers; 9.3 Mitigation and removal of environmental barriers; 9.4 Health-and-safety barriers; 9.5 Mitigation and removal of health-and-safety barriers; 9.6 Regulatory and permitting barriers; 9.7 Mitigation and removal of regulatory and permitting barriers; 9.8 Competing use barriers 327 $a9.9 Mitigation and removal of competing use barriers9.10 Skills availability barriers; 9.11 Mitigation and removal of skills availability barriers; 9.12 Supply chain and infrastructure barriers; 9.13 Mitigation and removal of supply chain and infrastructure barriers; 9.14 Access to capital and financial support mechanism barriers; 9.15 Mitigation and removal of financial barriers; 9.16 Conclusions; 10. Guidelines for Project Development; 10.1 Stage A: Opportunity analysis; 10.2 Stage B: Project materialization; 10.3 Stage C: Reliability and sustainability; 10.4 Conclusions 327 $a11. Findings, Recommendations and Model Policy Framework 330 $aWave, tidal and offshore wind technologies have long held the promise of seemingly limitless energy supplies. In practice, while offshore wind is growing relatively rapidly, all three sectors have lagged behind expectations. This book, from the International Energy Authority Renewable Energy Technology Deployment implementing agreement (IEA-RETD), examines the reasons for this and suggests how barriers to deployment might be overcome. Beginning with an assessment of the marine energy resource, it provides a detailed introduction to the main technologies currently being employed to harness wind 606 $aOcean energy resources 606 $aRenewable energy sources 606 $aWind power 606 $aOffshore electric power plants 615 0$aOcean energy resources. 615 0$aRenewable energy sources. 615 0$aWind power. 615 0$aOffshore electric power plants. 676 $a333.91/45 712 02$aInternational Energy Agency. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910963964403321 996 $aOffshore Renewable Energy$93998409 997 $aUNINA