LEADER 04801nam 2200745 a 450 001 9910963919203321 005 20251017110108.0 010 $a9786613213389 010 $a9780309217101 010 $a0309217105 010 $a9781283213387 010 $a1283213389 010 $a9780309186414 010 $a0309186412 035 $a(CKB)2550000000042937 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000536501 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11324343 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000536501 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10546712 035 $a(PQKB)11511817 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3378797 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3378797 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10488617 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL321338 035 $a(OCoLC)753974802 035 $a(Perlego)4738432 035 $a(DNLM)1574665 035 $a(BIP)33846122 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000042937 100 $a20110504d2011 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aExplaining divergent levels of longevity in high-income countries /$fEileen M. Crimmins, Samuel H. Preston, and Barney Cohen, editors 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academies Press$dc2011 215 $axi, 182 p. $ccol. ill 300 $a"Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries, Committee on Population, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council of the National Academies." 311 08$a9780309186407 311 08$a0309186404 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aFrontMatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Difference Between Life Expectancy in the United States and Other High-Income Countries -- 2 Causes of Death, Health Indicators, and Divergence in Life Expectancy -- 3 The Role of Obesity -- 4 The Role of Physical Activity -- 5 The Role of Smoking -- 6 The Role of Social Networks and Social Integration -- 7 The Role of Health Care -- 8 The Role of Hormone Therapy -- 9 The Role of Inequality -- 10 Conclusions -- References -- Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff. 330 $aDuring the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries , the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages -- cancer and cardiovascular disease -- available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which -- unlike randomized controlled trials -- are subject to many biases. 606 $aLife expectancy 606 $aLongevity 606 $aLife expectancy$zUnited States 606 $aLongevity$zUnited States 615 0$aLife expectancy. 615 0$aLongevity. 615 0$aLife expectancy 615 0$aLongevity 676 $a304.6/45 701 $aCrimmins$b Eileen M$01811399 701 $aPreston$b Samuel H$0267628 701 $aCohen$b Barney$f1959-$01791277 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bPanel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910963919203321 996 $aExplaining divergent levels of longevity in high-income countries$94364702 997 $aUNINA