LEADER 04683oam 22008415 450 001 9910963911503321 005 20251117091609.0 010 $a0-8213-8791-X 024 7 $a10.1596/978-0-8213-8788-7 035 $a(CKB)2550000000058053 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000660208 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11394843 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000660208 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10697386 035 $a(PQKB)10161362 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3050850 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3050850 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10506409 035 $a(OCoLC)759389159 035 $a(OCoLC)ocn714721146 035 $a(US-djbf)17045788 035 $a(BIP)34455102 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000058053 100 $a20111115d2011 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aTrade expansion through market connection : $ethe Central Asian markets of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cWorld Bank,$dc2011. 215 $axvi, 75 pages $cillustrations, maps ;$d26 cm 225 1 $aWorld Bank study 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a0-8213-8788-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 73-75). 327 $aAcknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. The Need for Central Asian Countries to Diversify Their Trade -- 2. The Constraints Facing Central Asian Leading Cities -- 3. Why Agglomeration is Important: Potential of Leading Cities as Drivers of Diversification -- 4. The "How to" of Expanding Trade in Central Asia -- References. 330 $aProduction and export diversification expose firms to domestic and international competition, which enhances productivity and ultimately drives a country's structural transformation from agriculture to industry to services. This structural transformation is accompanied by a spatial transformation seen in the increasing role of leading cities and their hinterlands in production and trade. As Central Asian countries cope with the effects of the global crisis, there is a need to think strategically about how to strengthen their export competitiveness in the medium- to long-term. This is particularly challenging for these countries that have small domestic markets and are landlocked and relatively remote from large markets; they suffer from low domestic economic density, long distances to markets, and significant economic divisions between trading partners and major markets. The report recommends that Central Asian countries build their export-diversification policies on three spatial levels, corresponding with the framework from the 2009 World Bank World Development Report: urban (leading city), area (city-hinterland), and regional (integration with regional markets). It recommends focusing on the two leading cities - Almaty and Astana in Kazakhstan, Bishkek and Osh in the Kyrgyz Republic, and Dushanbe and Khujand in Tajikistan - connecting these leading cities with their agricultural hinterland to unleash the potential of the region's agriculture-related activities, and improving the connections between the six leading cities and major regional markets, such as China, India, Russia, and Turkey, along a north-south road corridor. Policymakers in these countries must take actions along the above three dimensions, and in parallel, to obtain results. 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 410 0$aWorld Bank study. 606 $aExports$zKazakhstan 606 $aExports$zKyrgyzstan 606 $aExports$zTajikistan 606 $aForeign trade promotion$zKazakhstan 606 $aForeign trade promotion$zKyrgyzstan 606 $aForeign trade promotion$zTajikistan 606 $aDiversification in industry$zKazakhstan 606 $aDiversification in industry$zKyrgyzstan 606 $aDiversification in industry$zTajikistan 615 0$aExports 615 0$aExports 615 0$aExports 615 0$aForeign trade promotion 615 0$aForeign trade promotion 615 0$aForeign trade promotion 615 0$aDiversification in industry 615 0$aDiversification in industry 615 0$aDiversification in industry 676 $a382.0958 712 02$aWorld Bank. 801 0$bBTCTA 801 1$bBTCTA 801 2$bYDXCP 801 2$bBWX 801 2$bCUV 801 2$bINU 801 2$bCDX 801 2$bDLC 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910963911503321 996 $aTrade expansion through market connection$94481270 997 $aUNINA