LEADER 06071nam 2200817Ia 450 001 9910962583703321 005 20251117115351.0 010 $a1-280-08434-0 010 $a9786610084340 010 $a1-4175-0060-3 024 7 $a10.1596/0-8213-5676-3 035 $a(CKB)111087027997114 035 $a(EBL)3050660 035 $a(OCoLC)54752182 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000333525 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11259064 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000333525 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10357690 035 $a(PQKB)11556468 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3050660 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3050660 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10051561 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL8434 035 $a(The World Bank)2004040704 035 $a(US-djbf)13451294 035 $a(BIP)46126964 035 $a(BIP)9539555 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111087027997114 100 $a20040107d2004 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aGender and development in the Middle East and North Africa $ewomen in the public sphere 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, DC $cWorld Bank$d2004 215 $axx, 198 pages $cillustrations ;$d26 cm. +$e1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.) 225 1 $aOrientations in development 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a0-8213-5676-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 165-191) and index. 327 $aContents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Glossary of Terms; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Overview; The Gender Paradox; The Costs of Low Participation of Women in the Economy and the Political Sphere Are High ...; ... But the Benefits of Enhanced Participation of Women Are Positive; Factors That Have Empowered Women in Other Parts of the World Have Been Less Effective in MENA; Achievements in Women's Education and Health ...; ... Are Not Matched by Gains in Women's Participation in the Labor Force; What Has Slowed Women's Entry into the Labor Force?; Even If Demand Factors Play a Role ... 327 $a... Standard Labor Market Discrimination Does Not Explain Low Participation ...... But the Combination of Social and Economic Factors Does; A New Agenda about Gender; What Needs to Be Done ...; ... And Who Needs to Do It; 1. Why Does Gender Inequality Matter in MENA?; A Historical Perspective on Gender Equality in MENA; Outline of the Report; Notes; 2. Closing the Gender Gap in Education and Health; Increasing the Achievements in Women's Education; Dramatic Increase in Years of Schooling and Literacy; Progress in Reducing Gender Gaps in School Enrollment 327 $aCompletion Rates That Reflect Continued Discouragement for GirlsEducating Women for Empowerment; Greater Emphasis Needed to Create Demand for Schooling; Enrollment of Girls from Remote and Poor Families; Making Progress in Health and Fertility; Life Expectancy That Has Increased; Infant and Maternal Mortality Rates That Have Fallen; Fertility That Has Fallen Dramatically; Challenging the Health Sector: Social Health and Second-Generation Issues; Reduction in Early Pregnancies; Increase in Reproductive Health Knowledge; Improvement in Women's Access to Health Services; Notes 327 $a3. Women in the EconomyWomen's Participation in Economic Activity Has Increased at an Accelerating Rate ...; ... But Participation of Women in the Labor Force Remains Low; Economic Impact of Low Participation by Women in the Labor Force; The Burden of High Economic Dependency; Forgone Return on Investments in Girls' Education; High Costs for Households Headed by Women; The Costs of Low Female Participation Compared with Family and National Income; Unemployment and Female Participation in the Labor Force; Women Face Higher Unemployment than Men Do ... 327 $a... But Higher Female Labor Force Participation Is Not Associated with Higher UnemploymentMixed Effect on Female Employment from Old Patterns of Growth; Women Have Tended to Work More in the Public Sector; Women and Men Are in Informal and Unregulated Categories of Work; Women Remain in Agriculture Longer than Men Do; The Challenge of Inclusion in the Private Sector; Appendix: Labor Force Participation Rates That Very with the Data Source; Notes; 4. Constraints on Women's Work; The Traditional Gender Paradigm in MENA; Key Elements of the Traditional Gender Paradigm 327 $aTraditional Norms That Affect Labor Market Behavior 330 $aGender inequality - the differential access to opportunity and security for women and girls - has become an important and visible issue for the economies of the Middle East and North Africa. This title seeks to advance the gender equality discussion in the region by framing the issues in terms of economic necessity. It analyzes the potential of women's greater economic contribution to the region's new development model, further discussed in three parallel reports on trade, employment, and governance. The report also identifies key economic and sociopolitical impediments to women's increased labor force participation and empowerment, and suggests a way forward in developing an agenda for change. 410 0$aOrientations in development. 606 $aWomen in development$zMiddle East 606 $aWomen in development$zAfrica, North 606 $aSex role$zMiddle East 606 $aSex role$zAfrica, North 606 $aSex discrimination against women$zMiddle East 606 $aSex discrimination against women$zAfrica, North 615 0$aWomen in development 615 0$aWomen in development 615 0$aSex role 615 0$aSex role 615 0$aSex discrimination against women 615 0$aSex discrimination against women 676 $a305.42/0956 712 02$aWorld Bank. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910962583703321 996 $aGender and development in the Middle East and North Africa$91242987 997 $aUNINA