LEADER 00889cam0 22003131i 450 001 990007351460403321 005 20200402090926.0 010 $a0-00-686376-0 035 $a000735146 035 $aFED01000735146 035 $a(Aleph)000735146FED01 035 $a000735146 100 $a20021010d1997----kmuy0itay50------ba 101 0 $aeng 102 $aGB 105 $ay-------001yy 200 1 $aOne hundred years of socialism$ethe west european left in the twentieth Century$fDonald Sassoon 210 $aLondon$cFontana Press$d1997 215 $aXXV, 965 p.$d20 cm 453 1$1001990003682830403321 700 1$aSassoon,$bDonald$f<1946- >$0129617 801 0$aIT$bUNINA$gRICA$2UNIMARC 901 $aBK 912 $a990007351460403321 952 $aXV E2 184$b345$fDTE 959 $aDTE 996 $aOne Hundred Years of Socialism$9694521 997 $aUNINA DB $aGEN01 LEADER 05660nam 2200745Ia 450 001 9910962419803321 005 20251017110111.0 010 $a9786610214181 010 $a9781280214189 010 $a128021418X 010 $a9780309535885 010 $a0309535883 010 $a9780585001920 010 $a0585001928 035 $a(CKB)111004366658478 035 $a(EBL)3376803 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000106760 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11133880 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000106760 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10131956 035 $a(PQKB)10108677 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376803 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10060370 035 $a(OCoLC)923266189 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376803 035 $a(Perlego)4735999 035 $a(DNLM)692855 035 $a(BIP)100959 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111004366658478 100 $a20040923d1989 my 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aAssessment of diagnostic technology in health care $erationale, methods, problems, and directions /$fHarold Sox ... [et al.] 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1989 215 $a1 online resource (152 p.) 225 1 $aMonograph of the Council on Health Care Technology 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9780309040990 311 08$a030904099X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $a""Assessment of Diagnostic Technology in Health Care""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Introduction""; ""REFERENCES""; ""1 Rationale for Assessment of Diagnostic Technology""; ""THE PATIENT'S PERSPECTIVE""; ""Safety""; ""Efficacy""; ""Economic Issues""; ""The Benefits of High-Quality Studies""; ""The Risks of Poor or Absent Assessment Data""; ""Summary: The Patient's Perspective""; ""SOCIETY'S PERSPECTIVE""; ""Safety and Efficacy""; ""Economic Issues""; ""Summary: Society's Perspective""; ""THE PHYSICIAN'S PERSPECTIVE""; ""Safety and Efficacy""; ""Economic Issues"" 327 $a""Summary: The Physician's Perspective""""SUMMARY""; ""REFERENCES""; ""2 The Use of Diagnostic Tests: A Probabilistic Approach""; ""FIRST PRINCIPLES""; ""INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS: THE POSTTEST PROBABILITY""; ""Important Definitions""; ""The Assumptions of Bayes' Theorem""; ""THE PRETEST PROBABILITY OF DISEASE""; ""MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS""; ""Designing Studies of Test Performance""; ""EXPECTED-VALUE DECISIONMAKING""; ""Setting Up the Decision Tree""; ""Weighing the Outcomes for Quality of Life"" 327 $a""Calculating the Expected Value of the Treatment Options""""THE CHOICE AMONG DOING NOTHING, TESTING, OR STARTING TREATMENT""; ""SUMMARY""; ""Glossary Of Terms""; ""REFERENCES""; ""3 Assessment: Problems and Proposed Solutions""; ""MEASURES OF CLINICAL EFFICACY""; ""Technical Capability""; ""Sensitivity and Specificity""; ""Diagnostic Impact""; ""Therapeutic Impact""; ""Impact on Clinical Outcomes""; ""THE SYSTEM OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN THE UNITED STATES""; ""The Pyramid""; ""PROBLEMS WITH THE CURRENT SYSTEM""; ""RANDOMIZED TRIALS OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS"" 327 $a""Limitations of Randomized Trials""""Trial Design""; """"OFF THE GOLD STANDARD""""; """"ON THE GOLD STANDARD""""; ""A PROPOSAL FOR MODEL-DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT""; ""A Technology Should Be Compared with a Competing Technology""; ""STUDIES SHOULD BE PLANNED BEFORE ENROLLING THE FIRST PATIENT""; ""ALL THE DATA THAT ARE NEEDED FOR CLINICAL DECISION MAKING SHOULD BE COLLECTED""; ""BIAS IN PATIENT SELECTION SHOULD BE AVOIDED""; ""PATIENTS SHOULD BE OBSERVED FOR ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THE INDEX TEST""; ""INTERPRETATION OF DATA SHOULD BE FREE OF BIAS"" 327 $a""INTEROBSERVER DISAGREEMENT SHOULD BE MEASURED""""THERE SHOULD BE ENOUGH PATIENTS TO REPORT THE RESULTS IN CLINICALLY USEFUL SUBGROUPS OF PATIENTS""; ""SUMMARY""; ""REFERENCES""; ""4 Primary Assessment of Diagnostic Tests: Barriers to Implementation""; ""PLANNING AND PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT""; ""Choosing a Clinical Condition""; ""Patient Population""; ""Endpoints and Study Design""; ""ACCURACY""; ""OUTCOME""; ""COMBINED STUDIES: ACCURACY AND OUTCOME""; ""SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES: A SYNTHETIC APPROACH""; ""Economic Analysis""; ""Efficacy Versus Effectiveness""; ""Comparative Assessment"" 327 $a""Sample Size"" 330 $aTechnology assessment can lead to the rapid application of essential diagnostic technologies and prevent the wide diffusion of marginally useful methods. In both of these ways, it can increase quality of care and decrease the cost of health care. This comprehensive monograph carefully explores methods of and barriers to diagnostic technology assessment and describes both the rationale and the guidelines for meaningful evaluation. While proposing a multi-institutional approach, it emphasizes some of the problems involved and defines a mechanism for improving the evaluation and use of medical technology and essential resources needed to enhance patient care. 410 0$aMonograph of the Council on Health Care Technology. 606 $aDiagnosis$xMethodology$xEvaluation 606 $aMedical technology$xEvaluation 615 0$aDiagnosis$xMethodology$xEvaluation. 615 0$aMedical technology$xEvaluation. 676 $a616.075 701 $aSox$b Harold C$01594651 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910962419803321 996 $aAssessment of diagnostic technology in health care$94354826 997 $aUNINA