LEADER 03556oam 2200649 c 450 001 9910962195503321 005 20260202090927.0 010 $a3-8382-7630-2 024 3 $a9783838276304 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7024657 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7024657 035 $a(CKB)24097026900041 035 $a(ibidem)9783838276304 035 $a(EXLCZ)9924097026900041 100 $a20260202d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe Years of Great Silence $eThe Deportation, Special Settlement, and Mobilization into the Labor Army of Ethnic Germans in the USSR, 1941?1955 /$fJonathan Otto Pohl, Andreas Umland 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aHannover$cibidem$d2022 215 $a1 online resource (299 pages) 225 0 $aSoviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society$v238 311 08$aPrint version: Pohl, Jonathan Otto The Years of Great Silence Berlin : Ibidem Verlag,c2022 327 $aIntro -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sources -- 3 Literature Review and Historiography -- 4 The Origins of German Settlements in the Russian Empire -- 5 Ethnic Germans in the Early USSR -- 6 The Deportation -- 7 Arrival in Exile in Siberia and Kazakhstan -- 8 Fishing in the Far North -- 9 The LABOR ARMY -- 10 The Special Settlement Regime -- 11 Repatriated Germans -- 12 Local Germans -- 13 Number of Excess Deaths 1941-1948 -- 14 End of the Special Settlement Regime for Germans -- 15 The Post-Stalin Era -- 16 Conclusion -- Bibliography. 330 $aThis monograph provides a detailed yet concise narrative of the history of the ethnic Germans in the Russian Empire and USSR. It starts with the settlement in the Russian Empire by German colonists in the Volga, Black Sea, and other regions in 1764, tracing their development and Tsarist state policies towards them up until 1917. After the Bolshevik Revolution, Soviet policy towards its ethnic Germans varied. It shifted from a generally favorable policy in the 1920s to a much more oppressive one in the 1930s, i.e. already before the Soviet-German war. J. Otto Pohl traces the development of Soviet repression of ethnic Germans. In particular, he focuses on the years 1941 to 1955 during which this oppression reached its peak. These years became known as ?the Years of Great Silence? (?die Jahre des grossen Schweigens?). In fact, until the era of glasnost (transparency) and perestroika (rebuilding) in the late 1980s, the events that defined these years for the Soviet Germans could not be legally researched, written about, or even publicly spoken about, within the USSR. 410 0$aSoviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society 606 $aArbeitsarmee 606 $aDeutschstämmige 606 $aEthnic Germans 606 $aGerman Colonies 606 $aLabor Army 606 $aResettlement 606 $aSowjetunion 606 $aUSSR 606 $aZwangsumsiedlung 615 4$aArbeitsarmee 615 4$aDeutschstämmige 615 4$aEthnic Germans 615 4$aGerman Colonies 615 4$aLabor Army 615 4$aResettlement 615 4$aSowjetunion 615 4$aUSSR 615 4$aZwangsumsiedlung 676 $a342.082 700 $aPohl$b Jonathan Otto$cDr.$4aut$01836304 702 $aUmland$b Andreas$4edt 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910962195503321 996 $aThe Years of Great Silence$94414274 997 $aUNINA