LEADER 01626oam 2200385 450 001 9910708382903321 005 20180507104352.0 035 $a(CKB)4950000000096562 035 $a(OCoLC)1011594693 035 $a(EXLCZ)994950000000096562 100 $a20171115d2017 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurbn||||a|||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aProviding for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1) to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018, and providing for proceedings during the period from November 17, 2017, through November 27, 2017 $ereport (to accompany H. Res. 619) 210 1$a[Washington, D.C.] :$c[U.S. Government Publishing Office],$d[2017] 215 $a1 online resource (6 pages) 225 1 $aReport / 115th Congress, 1st session, House of Representatives ;$v115-410 300 $a"November 15 (legislative day of November 14), 2017." 517 $aPROVIDING FOR CONSIDERATION OF THE BILL 608 $aLegislative materials.$2lcgft 801 0$bGPO 801 1$bGPO 801 2$bOCLCA 801 2$bGPO 801 2$bOCLCF 801 2$bMERUC 801 2$bLWA 801 2$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910708382903321 996 $aProviding for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1) to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018, and providing for proceedings during the period from November 17, 2017, through November 27, 2017$93549067 997 $aUNINA LEADER 06421nam 2200769Ia 450 001 9910962075903321 005 20240313020841.0 010 $a9786613906724 010 $a9781283594271 010 $a1283594277 010 $a9789027273277 010 $a9027273278 035 $a(CKB)2560000000093327 035 $a(EBL)1013047 035 $a(OCoLC)811502657 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000711720 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11416619 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000711720 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10694239 035 $a(PQKB)10777623 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1013047 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1013047 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10595292 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL390672 035 $a(DE-B1597)721199 035 $a(DE-B1597)9789027273277 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000093327 100 $a20120627d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aPragmatic variation in first and second language contexts $emethodological issues /$fedited by J. Ce?sar Fe?lix-Brasdefer, Dale April Koike 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aAmsterdam ;$aPhiladelphia $cJohn Benjamins$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (348 p.) 225 0 $aIMPACT: Studies in Language and Society ;$v31 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9789027218728 311 08$a9027218722 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPragmatic Variation in First and Second Language Contexts; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; Acknowledgements; Notes on contributors; Introduction; 1. Pragmatic variation: Aims and scope of the volume; 2. Variation in linguistics research; 3. Overview of the chapters in the volume; References; Chapter 1. Pragmatic variation by gender in market service encounters in Mexico; 1. Introduction; 2. Theoretical framework; 2.1 Levels of pragmatic analysis and variation in commercial settings; 2.2 Previous research on service encounters in commercial settings; 3. Method 327 $a3.1 The market3.2 Procedures for data collection and analysis; 4. Results; 4.1 Actional level: Making a request for service; 4.2 Interactional level; 4.3 Stylistic level; 5. Discussion; 5.1 Variation at the actional level; 5.2 Variation at the interactional level; 5.3 Variation at the stylistic level; 5.4 Methodological issues; 6. Conclusion; References; Appendix; Chapter 2 Cross-cultural stances in online discussions; 1. Introduction; 2. Literature Review; 2.1 Defining stance; 2.2 Approaches to stance; 3. Method; 3.1 Procedures for data collection; 3.2 Procedures for data analysis 327 $a3.3 Participants4. Results; 4.1 Cultural analysis; 4.2 Grammatical analysis; 4.3 Interactional analysis; 5. Discussion; 5.1 Cultural analysis; 5.2 Grammatical analysis; 5.3 Interactional analysis; 5.4 Methodological issues; 6. Conclusion; References; Appendix: Fall 2009 MIT/Brest Forum; Chapter 3 Pragmatic variation in therapeutic discourse; 1. Introduction; 2. Review of literature and theoretical considerations; 2.1 Some theoretical considerations about the therapeutic session; 2.2 Conflict talk and its relevance to this study; 2.3 Mitigation; 2.4 Pragmatic variation (PV) 327 $a3. Data and methods3.1 The participants; 3.2 Data; 3.3 Data analysis; 4. Results; 4.1 Qualitative analysis; 4.1.1 Hedges/Bushes; 4.1.2 Parenthetical verbs; 4.1.3 Shields; 4.1.4 Epistemic disclaimers; 4.1.5 Tag questions; 4.1.6 Diminutives; 4.1.7 Proverbs and proverbial sayings: Other mitigating strategies; 4.1.8 Other indirect devices: Guardar las apariencias ('to keep up appearances') (Placencia 1996); 4.2 Results: Quantitative analysis; 5. Discussion; 5.1 Methodological issues; 6. Conclusion; References; Chapter 4. Disagreement and sociolinguistic variables; 1. Introduction 327 $a2. English in China3. Theoretical framework; 3.1 Disagreement; 3.2 Sociolinguistic variables and disagreement; 3.3 Sociolinguistic variables and ELFP; 3.4 The context; 4. Method; 5. Results; 6. Discussion; 7. Methodological issues; 8. Pedagogical implications; 9. Conclusions; References; Appendix A; Appendix B; Chapter 5 Variation in the pragmatic use of conventional expressions; 1. Introduction; 1.1 What are conventional expressions?; 2. Framework; 3. Methodology; 3.1 Instrument; 3.2 Participants; 3.3 Analysis; 4. Results 327 $a4.1 Variation at the speech act and strategy levels: same context, different speech acts, or pragmatic strategies 330 $aDeparting from Schneider and Barron (2008), representing the emerging field of Variational Pragmatics, this volume examines pragmatic variation focusing on methods utilized to collect and analyze data in a variety of first (L1) and second (L2) language contexts. The objectives are to: (1) examine variation in such areas of pragmatics as speech acts, conventional expressions, metapragmatics, stance, frames, mitigation, communicative action, (im)politeness, and implicature; and (2) critically review central methodological concerns relevant for research in pragmatic variation, such as coding, ethical issues, qualitative and quantitative methods, and individual variation. Theoretical frameworks vary from variationist and interactional sociolinguistics, to variational pragmatics. This collection contains eleven chapters by leading scholars, including two state-of-the art chapters on key methodological issues of pragmatic variation study. Given the theoretical perspectives, methodological focus, and analyses, the book will be of interest to those who study pragmatics, discourse analysis, second language acquisition, sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics, and language variation. 410 0$aIMPACT: Studies in Language and Society 606 $aLanguage and languages$xVariation 606 $aLinguistic change 606 $aPragmatics 615 0$aLanguage and languages$xVariation. 615 0$aLinguistic change. 615 0$aPragmatics. 676 $a417/.7 686 $aER 940$2rvk 701 $aFe?lix-Brasdefer$b J. Ce?sar$01801349 701 $aKoike$b Dale April$01801350 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910962075903321 996 $aPragmatic variation in first and second language contexts$94346505 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04718nam 22008294a 450 001 9910961673403321 005 20251017110107.0 010 $a9780309504881 010 $a0309504880 035 $a(CKB)110986584753046 035 $a(EBL)3375446 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000279694 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11217718 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000279694 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10268150 035 $a(PQKB)10185919 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3375446 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3375446 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10038720 035 $a(OCoLC)817951804 035 $a(Perlego)4737649 035 $a(DNLM)970969 035 $a(BIP)31764928 035 $a(BIP)66039418 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584753046 100 $a20000804d2000 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aFrom neurons to neighborhoods $ethe science of early child development /$fCommittee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development ; Jack P. Shonkoff and Deborah A. Phillips, editors 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$dc2000 215 $a1 online resource (612 pages) 300 $a"Board on Children, Youth, and Families, National Research Council and Institute of Medicine." 311 08$a9780309483209 311 08$a0309483204 311 08$a9780309069885 311 08$a0309069882 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Front Matter; Acknowledgments; Contents; Executive Summary; I Setting the Stage; 1 Introduction; 2 Rethinking Nature and Nurture; 3 The Challenge of Studying Culture; 4 Making Causal Connections; II The Nature and Tasks of Early Development; 5 Acquiring Self-Regulation; 6 Communicating and Learning; 7 Making Friends and Getting Along with Peers; 8 The Developing Brain; III The Context for Early Development; 9 Nurturing Relationships; 10 Family Resources; 11 Growing Up in Child Care; 12 Neighborhood and Community; 13 Promoting Healthy Development Through Intervention 327 $aIV Knowledge into Action14 Conclusions and Recommendations; References; A Related Reports from the National Academies; B Defining and Estimating Causal Effects; C Technologies for Studying the Developing Human Brain; D Biographical Sketches; Index 330 $aHow we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows. 606 $aChild development$zUnited States 606 $aPreschool children$zUnited States 606 $aPreschool children$xServices for$zUnited States 606 $aNature and nurture$zUnited States 606 $aEarly childhood education$zUnited States 606 $aChild Development 606 $aChild, Preschool$xeducation 606 $aCommunity Networks 607 $aUnited States 615 0$aChild development 615 0$aPreschool children 615 0$aPreschool children$xServices for 615 0$aNature and nurture 615 0$aEarly childhood education 615 2$aChild Development. 615 2$aChild, Preschool$xeducation. 615 2$aCommunity Networks. 676 $a305.231 701 $aShonkoff$b Jack P$0316906 701 $aPhillips$b Deborah$0457218 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910961673403321 996 $aFrom neurons to neighborhoods$94352429 997 $aUNINA