LEADER 04875nam 2200721 450 001 9910811738603321 005 20230126213236.0 010 $a0-231-53750-6 024 7 $a10.7312/visw16306 035 $a(CKB)3710000000203547 035 $a(EBL)1643216 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001262285 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12541946 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001262285 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11216286 035 $a(PQKB)10830444 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0001252305 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1643216 035 $a(DE-B1597)458536 035 $a(OCoLC)1011446765 035 $a(OCoLC)884645747 035 $a(OCoLC)979745621 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780231537506 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1643216 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10975980 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL686161 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000203547 100 $a20141125h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||#|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe Pariah problem $ecaste, religion, and the social in modern India /$fRupa Viswanath ; cover design, Milenda Nan Ok Lee 210 1$aNew York ;$aChichester, England :$cColumbia University Press,$d2014. 210 4$d©2014 215 $a1 online resource (705 p.) 225 1 $aCultures of History 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-322-54879-X 311 $a0-231-16306-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tPreface on Terminology --$tAcknowledgments --$tAbbreviations --$tIntroduction --$tChapter 1. Land Tenure or Labor Control?: The Agrarian Mise-en-Scène --$tChapter 2. Conceptualizing Pariah Conversion: Caste, Spirit, Matter, and Penury --$tChapter 3. The Pariah-Missionary Alliance: Agrarian Contestation and the Local State --$tChapter 4. The State and the C?ri --$tChapter 5. Settling Land, Sowing Conflict; or, The Rise and Rise of Religious Neutrality --$tChapter 6. The Marriage of Sacred and Secular Authority: New Liberalism, Mission-State Relations, and the Birth of Authenticity --$tChapter 7. Giving the Panchama a Home: Creating "a Friction Where None Exists" --$tChapter 8. Everyday Warfare: Caste, Class, and the Public --$tChapter 9. The Depressed Classes, Rights, and the Embrace of the Social --$tConclusion: The Pariah Problem's Enduring Legacies --$tGLOSSARY --$tNOTES --$tARCHIVAL SOURCES --$tBIBLIOGRAPHY --$tINDEX 330 $aOnce known as "Pariahs," Dalits are primarily descendants of unfree agrarian laborers. They belong to India's most subordinated castes, face overwhelming poverty and discrimination, and provoke public anxiety. Drawing on a wealth of previously untapped sources, this book follows the conception and evolution of the "Pariah Problem" in public consciousness in the 1890's. It shows how high-caste landlords, state officials, and well-intentioned missionaries conceived of Dalit oppression, and effectively foreclosed the emergence of substantive solutions to the "Problem"-with consequences that continue to be felt today. Rupa Viswanath begins with a description of the everyday lives of Dalit laborers in the 1890's and highlights the systematic efforts made by the state and Indian elites to protect Indian slavery from public scrutiny. Protestant missionaries were the first non-Dalits to draw attention to their plight. The missionaries' vision of the Pariahs' suffering as being a result of Hindu religious prejudice, however, obscured the fact that the entire agrarian political-economic system depended on unfree Pariah labor. Both the Indian public and colonial officials came to share a view compatible with missionary explanations, which meant all subsequent welfare efforts directed at Dalits focused on religious and social transformation rather than on structural reform. Methodologically, theoretically, and empirically, this book breaks new ground to demonstrate how events in the early decades of state-sponsored welfare directed at Dalits laid the groundwork for the present day, where the postcolonial state and well-meaning social and religious reformers continue to downplay Dalits' landlessness, violent suppression, and political subordination. 410 0$aCultures of history. 606 $aPariahs$xHistory 606 $aPariahs$xSocial conditions 606 $aCaste$zIndia$xHistory 607 $aIndia$xSocial conditions 607 $aIndia$xHistory 615 0$aPariahs$xHistory. 615 0$aPariahs$xSocial conditions. 615 0$aCaste$xHistory. 676 $a305.5/6880954 700 $aViswanath$b Rupa$01644434 702 $aLee$b Milenda Nan Ok 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910811738603321 996 $aThe Pariah problem$93990304 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05303oam 22013454 450 001 9910960604903321 005 20250426110958.0 010 $a9781475564235 010 $a1475564236 010 $a9781475592443 010 $a1475592442 035 $a(CKB)2670000000278883 035 $a(EBL)1606988 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000972388 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11619823 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000972388 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10958492 035 $a(PQKB)11479200 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1606988 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1606988 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10627104 035 $a(OCoLC)870245051 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2012228 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2012228 035 $aWPIEA2012228 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000278883 100 $a20020129d2012 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aSome Algebra of Fiscal Transparency : $eHow Accounting Devices Work and How to Reveal Them /$fTimothy Irwin 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (20 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/12/228 300 $a"September 2012." 311 08$a9781475536683 311 08$a1475536682 311 08$a9781475510577 311 08$a1475510578 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. One True Deficit; A. Deficit Devices; B. Debt; III. Multiple Deficits; Figures; 1. Sets of Assets and Liabilities Recognized in Different Accounting Systems; A. Accounting Systems and the Devices They Allow; B. Extended Fiscal Accounts; C. Fiscal Sustainability; Tables; 1. Summary Extended Accounts, Clean Surpluses; IV. Dirty Deficits; A. Components of Clean Surpluses; B. Devices Revisited; V. Conclusion; References 330 3 $aAccounting devices that artificially reduce the measured fiscal deficit can be analyzed as transactions involving unrecognized assets and liabilities. Different accounting systems recognize different sets of assets and liabilities and are thus vulnerable to different sets of devices. Some devices can be revealed by moving progressively from cash accounting to modified accrual accounting to full accrual accounting. Revealing all would require the publication of extended fiscal accounts in which all future cash flows give rise to assets or liabilities. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2012/228 606 $aAccounting$xStandards 606 $aFinance, Public 606 $aBudget deficits 606 $aAccounting$2imf 606 $aAccrual accounting$2imf 606 $aComputer Programs: Other$2imf 606 $aCurrencies$2imf 606 $aData Collection and Data Estimation Methodology$2imf 606 $aEconometrics & economic statistics$2imf 606 $aEconomic and financial statistics$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aFinance, Public$2imf 606 $aFinancial reporting, financial statements$2imf 606 $aFinancial statements$2imf 606 $aFiscal accounting and reporting$2imf 606 $aGovernment and the Monetary System$2imf 606 $aGovernment finance statistics$2imf 606 $aMonetary economics$2imf 606 $aMonetary Systems$2imf 606 $aMoney and Monetary Policy$2imf 606 $aMoney$2imf 606 $aNational Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General$2imf 606 $aPayment Systems$2imf 606 $aPublic Administration$2imf 606 $aPublic finance accounting$2imf 606 $aPublic financial management (PFM)$2imf 606 $aPublic Sector Accounting and Audits$2imf 606 $aRegimes$2imf 606 $aStandards$2imf 606 $aStatistics$2imf 607 $aUnited States$2imf 615 0$aAccounting$xStandards. 615 0$aFinance, Public. 615 0$aBudget deficits. 615 7$aAccounting 615 7$aAccrual accounting 615 7$aComputer Programs: Other 615 7$aCurrencies 615 7$aData Collection and Data Estimation Methodology 615 7$aEconometrics & economic statistics 615 7$aEconomic and financial statistics 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aFinance, Public 615 7$aFinancial reporting, financial statements 615 7$aFinancial statements 615 7$aFiscal accounting and reporting 615 7$aGovernment and the Monetary System 615 7$aGovernment finance statistics 615 7$aMonetary economics 615 7$aMonetary Systems 615 7$aMoney and Monetary Policy 615 7$aMoney 615 7$aNational Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General 615 7$aPayment Systems 615 7$aPublic Administration 615 7$aPublic finance accounting 615 7$aPublic financial management (PFM) 615 7$aPublic Sector Accounting and Audits 615 7$aRegimes 615 7$aStandards 615 7$aStatistics 676 $a332 700 $aIrwin$b Timothy$01373999 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910960604903321 996 $aSome Algebra of Fiscal Transparency$94371086 997 $aUNINA