LEADER 06754nam 2200745 a 450 001 9910960557003321 005 20251116140758.0 010 $a9786610191925 010 $a9780309175418 010 $a0309175410 010 $a9781280191923 010 $a1280191929 010 $a9780309589321 010 $a0309589320 010 $a9780585024790 010 $a0585024790 035 $a(CKB)110986584751844 035 $a(OCoLC)42329098 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055606 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000251368 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11201083 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000251368 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10262469 035 $a(PQKB)10965359 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376399 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376399 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10055606 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL19192 035 $a(OCoLC)923263493 035 $a(Perlego)4735319 035 $a(BIP)47200018 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584751844 100 $a19960719d1996 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aStemming the tide $econtrolling introductions of nonindigenous species by ships' ballast water /$fCommittee on Ships' Ballast Operations, Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1996 215 $a1 online resource (157 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780309055376 311 08$a0309055377 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aSTEMMING THE TIDE -- Copyright -- Preface -- BACKGROUND -- ORIGIN AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY -- STUDY METHODS AND REPORT ORGANIZATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Stemming the Tide -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION OF NONINDIGENOUS SPECIES -- POTENTIAL CONTROL STRATEGIES -- SHIPBOARD TREATMENT OPTIONS -- MONITORING -- REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 1 Ballast Water and Nonindigenous Species -- DIVERSITY OF BALLAST WATER BIOTA -- FATE OF DISCHARGED ORGANISMS -- COMPLEXITY OF BALLASTING PATTERNS -- IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGING BALLAST WATER -- OTHER DISPERSAL VECTORS -- REFERENCES -- 2 Ballast Water and Ships -- DIVERSITY OF SHIPS AND BALLAST SYSTEMS -- SAFETY -- BALLAST CONDITIONS AT SEA -- Heavy Weather Considerations -- Sailing with Full Tanks -- Controlling Trim during Voyages -- Transverse Stability Considerations -- BALLAST CONDITIONS IN PORT -- Ballasting during Cargo Loading and Discharge Operations -- Controlling Drafts and Trim for Port Entry -- Safe Longitudinal Loading Considerations -- Controlling Trim and Heel During Cargo Handling -- Ballast Condition for Voyages -- BALLASTING -- REFERENCES -- 3 Managing Ballast Water -- VOYAGE APPROACH -- On or before Departure -- En Route -- Shipboard Treatment -- Ballast Change -- On Arrival -- Shore-Based Treatment and Ballast Lighters -- Advantages and Disadvantages of Shore-Based Treatment -- CONTROL OPTIONS -- INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES -- NATIONAL ACTIVITIES -- REGIONAL, STATE, AND LOCAL ACTIVITIES -- INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATION -- AUDITING REQUIREMENTS AND MONITORING -- TRAINING -- RISK-BASED PERSPECTIVE ON MANAGING BALLAST WATER -- REFERENCES -- 4 Shipboard Treatment Options -- TREATMENT ISSUES -- TECHNOLOGIES FOR TREATING BALLAST WATER -- COMMITTEE'S EVALUATION METHODOLOGY -- Treatment Options Query -- Data Collection. 327 $aEvaluation Criteria -- Candidate Ranking -- PROMISING OPTIONS -- Filtration Systems -- Biocides -- Oxidizing Biocides -- Nonoxidizing Biocides -- Thermal Treatment -- Technology Demonstration -- OPTIONS WITH POSSIBLE LIMITED APPLICATIONS -- Ozonation -- Electric Pulse and Pulse Plasma Techniques -- OTHER OPTIONS -- Ultraviolet Treatment -- Acoustic Systems -- Magnetic Fields -- Deoxygenation -- Biological Techniques -- Anti-fouling Coatings -- DISCHARGE TO THE ENVIRONMENT -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 5 Monitoring -- MONITORING SCENARIOS -- ALTERNATIVES TO SHIPBOARD MONITORING -- LEVELS OF MONITORING -- Level I Monitoring -- Level II Monitoring -- Level III Monitoring -- MONITORING AFTER TREATMENT OF BALLAST WATER -- SAMPLING ISSUES -- MONITORING SEDIMENT -- SETTING STANDARDS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- APPENDICES -- APPENDIX A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS -- APPENDIX B Committee Meetings and Activities -- APPENDIX C Explanation of Basic Stability -- APPENDIX D Alternative Ship Designs -- LIMITING BALLAST -- IMPROVING BALLAST CHANGE -- CLEANER BALLAST TANKS -- APPENDIX E Great Lakes Maritime Industry Voluntary Ballast Water Management Plan for the Control of Ruffe in Lake Superior? -- APPENDIX F Candidate Shipboard Treatment Technologies: Supplementary Information -- THERMAL TREATMENT -- Safety -- Effectiveness -- Status of Technology -- Power -- Byproducts -- Costs -- Size, Complexity, and Maintenance -- Monitoring -- ELECTRIC PULSE AND PULSE PLASMA TECHNIQUES -- Safety -- Effectiveness -- Status of Technology -- Power -- Byproducts -- Costs -- Size, Cost, and Complexity -- Monitoring -- ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES -- Safety -- Effectiveness -- Status of Technology -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Thermal Techniques -- Electric Pulse and Pulse Plasma Techniques -- Acoustic Techniques. 327 $aAPPENDIX G Treatment Options Query -- BALLAST WATER TREATMENT OPTIONS QUERY -- Technology Requirements and Capabilities -- Application Considerations of Technologies -- RESPONSES -- APPENDIX H Emerging Monitoring Technologies -- ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ANALYSIS -- RNA/DNA ANALYSES -- FLOW CYTOMETRIC TECHNIQUES -- OTHER AUTOMATED TECHNIQUES -- REFERENCES -- Glossary and Conversions -- CONVERSIONS -- GLOSSARY -- Index. 330 $aMakes recommendations for US government agencies, the maritime industry, and member states of the International Maritime Organization to help reduce damage to native species and habitats by the introduction of alien critters from the far corners of the world. Describes and evaluates methods for cont 606 $aAnimal introduction 606 $aNonindigenous aquatic pests$xControl 606 $aDischarge of ballast water$xManagement 615 0$aAnimal introduction. 615 0$aNonindigenous aquatic pests$xControl. 615 0$aDischarge of ballast water$xManagement. 676 $a591.52/63 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee on Ships' Ballast Operations. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910960557003321 996 $aStemming the tide$92661304 997 $aUNINA