LEADER 04012nam 2200625 a 450 001 9910959934303321 005 20251116180241.0 010 $a1-60344-417-3 010 $a1-299-05219-3 035 $a(CKB)2550000001003999 035 $a(EBL)3038038 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000821618 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12398406 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000821618 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10871935 035 $a(PQKB)10662625 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3038038 035 $a(OCoLC)929640673 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse77156 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3038038 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10639830 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL436469 035 $a(OCoLC)923700791 035 $a(BIP)14170502 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001003999 100 $a20070529d2008 ub 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBlue & gold and black $eracial integration of the U.S. Naval Academy /$fRobert J. Schneller, Jr 210 $aCollege Station $cTexas A&M University Press$dc2008 215 $a1 online resource (456 p.) 225 0$aTexas A & M University military history series ;$v115 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a1-60344-000-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 413-425) and index. 327 $apt. 1. Official neglect : token representation, 1945-1965 -- pt. 2. Racial policy revolution : African Americans assimilate, 1965-1976 -- pt. 3. Unparalleled opportunity : African American men and women, 1976-1999. 330 $aDuring the twentieth century, the U.S. Naval Academy evolved from a racist institution to one that ranked equal opportunity among its fundamental tenets. This transformation was not without its social cost, however, and black midshipmen bore the brunt of it. Blue & Gold and Black is the history of integration of African Americans into the Naval Academy. The book examines how civil rights advocates' demands for equal opportunity shaped the Naval Academy's evolution. Author Robert J. Schneller Jr. analyzes how changes in the Academy's policies and culture affected the lives of black midshipmen, as well as how black midshipmen effected change in the Academy's policies and culture. Most institutional history is written from the top down, while most social history is written from the bottom up. Based on the documentary record as well as on the memories of hundreds of midshipmen and naval officers, Blue & Gold and Black includes both perspectives. By examining both the institution and the individual, a much more accurate picture emerges of how racial integration occurred at the Naval Academy. Schneller takes a biographical approach to social history. Through written correspondence, responses to questionnaires, memoirs, and oral histories, African American midshipmen recount their experiences in their own words. Rather than setting adrift their humanity and individuality in oceans of statistics, Schneller uses their first-hand recollections to provide insights into the Academy's culture that cannot be gained from official records. Covering the Jim Crow era, the civil rights movement, and the empowerment of African Americans from the late 1960s through the end of the twentieth century, Blue & Gold and Black traces the transformation of an institution that produces men and women who lead not only the Navy, but also the nation. 410 0$aWilliams-Ford Texas A&M University military history series. 606 $aAfrican American soldiers 606 $aSociology, Military$zUnited States 607 $aUnited States$xRace relations 615 0$aAfrican American soldiers. 615 0$aSociology, Military 676 $a359.0071/173 700 $aSchneller$b Robert John$f1957-$0792622 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910959934303321 996 $aBlue & gold and black$94478626 997 $aUNINA