LEADER 04968nam 22006855 450 001 9910299912303321 005 20210915201703.0 010 $a3-319-51155-6 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-51155-9 035 $a(CKB)3710000001418448 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4891395 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-51155-9 035 $a(PPN)202991229 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000001418448 100 $a20170629d2018 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe Electric Century $eHow the Taming of Lightning Shaped the Modern World /$fby J.B. Williams 205 $a1st ed. 2018. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2018. 215 $a1 online resource (216 pages) $cillustrations, tables 225 1 $aPopular Science,$x2626-6113 311 $a3-319-51154-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a1 Introduction -- 2 Chaotic Beginnings - 3 Lighting that Doesn?t Need Lighting -- 4 Streetcars, Subways, Trains and Suburbs -- 5 First You Have to Make It: The Spread of Electricity Supply -- 6 Beginnings of Mass Production: Electric Power in Industry -- 7 Early Mass Media: Newspapers and Cinema -- 8 The Catless Miaow: Wireless Telegraphy -- 9 Healthy? Early Medical Electricity -- 10 Portable Power: Batteries -- 11 A Good Investment: Electricity Grids -- 12 Willing Servants: The Growth of Appliances in the 1930s -- 13 Blackout: War and Crisis in Electric Power Generation -- 14 Give Someone a Bell - Telephones -- 15. Horseless Carriages: Road Vehicles -- 16 Too Cheap to Meter? Nuclear Power and Beyond -- 17 Keeping it Fresh: Fridges and Freezers -- 18 Banishing Washday: Home Laundry -- 19 Going up... Or Down: Elevators and Escalators -- 20 Gadgets: Small Household Appliances -- 21 Freedom of the House: Central Heating and Air Conditioning -- 22 Power Tools and the DIY Revolution -- 23 The Electric Century -- Acknowledgements -- Endnotes -- Bibliography -- Index. 330 $aThis book is about how electricity has profoundly changed the way we live, work, and play. Some twenty topics are covered, with an abundance of graphs and images to build a comprehensive picture. Each looks at the developments, and the people who initiated them, together with how one led to the next and their subsequent impact on society. Topics include electric supply, lighting through X-rays, and all those appliances that make our homes so comfortable. Most homes at the end of the twentieth century were full of electrical equipment, much of which was regarded as essential. It ran from lights, washing machines, fridges, freezers, kettles, telephones and so on, to the more subtle things such as wipers and starter motors on cars. In 1900, in all but a tiny minority of houses, there were none of these things. It is very difficult for us now to imagine a world without electrical equipment everywhere, and yet it has only taken a century. The Electric Century< examines how we got from then to now. The nineteenth is often described as the century of steam from the impact it had on employment and transport, and The Electric Century makes a similar claim as the description of the twentieth. Electricity and the equipment using it are so pervasive that they have affected every corner of modern life. 410 0$aPopular Science,$x2626-6113 606 $aTechnology 606 $aTechnology?History 606 $aElectrical engineering 606 $aEnergy systems 606 $aComputers 606 $aCommunication 606 $aPopular Science in Technology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/Q36000 606 $aHistory of Technology$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/T29000 606 $aElectrical Engineering$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/T24000 606 $aEnergy Systems$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/115000 606 $aHistory of Computing$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/I24024 606 $aMedia and Communication$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/412010 615 0$aTechnology. 615 0$aTechnology?History. 615 0$aElectrical engineering. 615 0$aEnergy systems. 615 0$aComputers. 615 0$aCommunication. 615 14$aPopular Science in Technology. 615 24$aHistory of Technology. 615 24$aElectrical Engineering. 615 24$aEnergy Systems. 615 24$aHistory of Computing. 615 24$aMedia and Communication. 676 $a537.09 700 $aWilliams$b J.B$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0886499 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910299912303321 996 $aThe Electric Century$92510536 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05957nam 2200745 a 450 001 9910959762203321 005 20251017110023.0 010 $a9786610214211 010 $a9781280214219 010 $a128021421X 010 $a9780309595964 010 $a0309595967 010 $a9780585143378 010 $a0585143374 035 $a(CKB)110986584750906 035 $a(OCoLC)632537876 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10056850 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000130028 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11135506 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000130028 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10082358 035 $a(PQKB)10133753 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376576 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376576 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10056850 035 $a(OCoLC)923264622 035 $a(Perlego)4738294 035 $a(DNLM)703042 035 $a(BIP)337571 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584750906 100 $a19890821d1989 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aContraceptive use and controlled fertility $ehealth issues for women and children : background papers /$fAllan M. Parnell, editor ; Committee on Population, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1989 215 $a1 online resource (171 pages) $cillustrations 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 0 $a9780309040969 311 0 $a0309040965 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- The Relationship Between Fertility and Maternal Mortality -- DEFINITIONS AND MEASUREMENT ISSUES -- Measures -- Sources of Data -- Problems of Measurement -- WORLD PATTERNS -- ASPECTS OF FERTILITY AS RISK FACTORS FOR MATERNAL MORALITY -- Parity/Gravidity -- Interaction Between Age and Gravidity/Parity -- Hospital Studies: Primigravid/Primiparous Women -- Hospital Studies: Multigravid/Multiparous Women -- Short Birth Intervals -- OTHER IMPORTANT RISK FACTORS -- Lack of Antenatal Care -- Distance -- Socioeconomic Status -- Traditional Behavior -- Birth Practices -- Female Circumcision -- CAUSAL PATTERNS OF MORTALITY -- Differences by Area -- ASPECTS OF FERTILITY AND THE MAJOR CAUSES OF DEATH -- Abortion -- Difficult Labor -- Hemorrhage/Anemia -- Hypertensive Disease of Pregnancy -- Infectious Disease -- Hepatitis -- Tuberculosis -- Malaria -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX-CONTENTS OF CAUSAL CATEGORIES -- REFERENCES -- Health Effects of Contraception -- INTRODUCTION -- ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES -- Noncontraceptive Benefits -- Adverse Health Effects -- Cardiovascular Effects -- Metabolic Effects -- Neoplastic Diseases -- Other Effects -- INTRAUTERINE DEVICES -- Adverse Health Effects -- BARRIER METHODS -- Condoms -- Spermicides and the Contraceptive Sponge -- Diaphragm with Spermicide -- Cervical Caps -- LONG-ACTING METHODS -- Injectables -- Implants -- TUBAL STERILIZATION -- Sterilization Reversal -- VASECTOMY -- Mortality -- Morbidity -- Long-Term Safety -- Vasectomy Reversal -- REFERENCES -- Mechanisms for the Association of Maternal Age, Parity, and Birth Spacing with Infant Health -- INTRODUCTION -- Overview -- Causes of Infant Deaths -- Low Birthweight and Prematurity -- YOUNG MATERNAL AGE AND PRIMIPARITY -- Effects on Birthweight and Prematurity. 327 $aMother-Fetus Competition for Macronutrients -- Micronutrient Deficiencies -- Infections -- Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension -- Malaria -- Complications of Delivery -- Conclusions -- OLDER MATERNAL AGE AND GRAND MULTIPARITY -- Relative Risks of Poor Pregnancy Outcomes and Infant Deaths -- Congenital Abnormalities -- Iron-Deficiency Anemia and Micronutrient Deficiencies -- Multiple Births -- Complications of Delivery -- Conclusions -- EFFECTS OF SHORT INTERVALS BETWEEN PREGNANCIES -- Effects on Length of Gestation and Birthweight -- Maternal Nutrition and Fetal Growth -- Postpartum Nutrition -- Infectious Diseases -- Maternal Infections -- Increased Postnatal Exposure to Pathogens -- Conclusions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Psychosocial Consequences to Women of Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility -- CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND WELL-BEING: INDICATORS OF PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS -- PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS AND ROLE PERFORMANCE -- CONTRACEPTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS AS POTENTIAL STRESSORS -- Conjugal Roles -- Occupational Roles -- Maternal Roles -- Domestic, Kinship, and Community Roles -- Women as Individuals -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix Background Papers. 330 $aThese four papers supplement the book Contraception and Reproduction: Health Consequences for Women and Children in the Developing World by bringing together data and analyses that would otherwise be difficult to obtain in a single source. The topics addressed are an analysis of the relationship between maternal mortality and changing reproductive patterns; the risks and benefits of contraception; the effects of changing reproductive patterns on infant health; and the psychosocial consequences to women of controlled fertility and contraceptive use. 606 $aContraceptives$xPhysiological effect 606 $aMothers$xMortality 606 $aBirth intervals 606 $aInfants$xHealth and hygiene 615 0$aContraceptives$xPhysiological effect. 615 0$aMothers$xMortality. 615 0$aBirth intervals. 615 0$aInfants$xHealth and hygiene. 676 $a613.9/4 701 $aParnell$b Allan M$01808076 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee on Population. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910959762203321 996 $aContraceptive use and controlled fertility$94358144 997 $aUNINA