LEADER 05773nam 2200769Ia 450 001 9910959718903321 005 20231206205653.0 010 $a9786613226358 010 $a9781283226356 010 $a1283226359 010 $a9780774857055 010 $a0774857056 024 7 $a10.59962/9780774857055 035 $a(CKB)2430000000000341 035 $a(OCoLC)236349729 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10220718 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000378129 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11282107 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000378129 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10352457 035 $a(PQKB)11429261 035 $a(CaBNvSL)thg00602862 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3412544 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10227180 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL322635 035 $a(OCoLC)923446460 035 $a(VaAlCD)20.500.12592/nh2wtm 035 $a(schport)gibson_crkn/2009-12-01/3/406974 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3412544 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3255883 035 $a(DE-B1597)729223 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780774857055 035 $a(EXLCZ)992430000000000341 100 $a19860430d1986 ub 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe subarctic Indians and the fur trade, 1680-1860 /$fJ.C. Yerbury 210 $aVancouver $cUniversity of British Columbia Press$d1986 215 $a1 online resource (200 p.) 300 $aIncludes index. 311 08$a9780774802413 311 08$a0774802413 320 $aBibliography: p. [169]-183. 327 $tFrontmatter -- $tContents -- $tTables -- $tFigures -- $tPreface -- $t1. INTRODUCTION -- $t2. PROTOHISTORIC TRADERS AND MIDDLEMEN -- $t3. THE EARLY FUR TRADE PERIOD (1770-1800) -- $t4. THE COMPETITIVE TRADE PERIOD (1800-1821) -- $t5. THE TRADING POST DEPENDENCY PERIOD (1821-1860) -- $t6. CANADIAN ATHAPASKAN ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL ADAPTATIONS -- $t7. CONCLUSION -- $tReferences -- $tIndex 330 $aUsing the accounts of fur traders, explorers, officials, and missionaries, Colin Yerbury documents the profound changes that swept over the Athapaskan-speaking people of the Canadian subarctic following European contact. He challenges, with a rich variety of historical documents, the frequently articulated view that there is a general cultural continuity from the pre-contact period to the twentieth century. Leaving to the domain of the archaeologists the pre-historic period when all the people of the vast area from approximately 52N to the edge of the tundra and from Hudson Bay to Alaska were hunters, fishers, and gatherers subsisting entirely on native resources, Yerbury focuses on the Protohistoric and Historic Periods. The ecological and sociocultural adaptations of the Athapaskans are explored through the two centuries when they moved from indirect contact to dependency on the Hudson Bay trading posts. For nearly one hundred years prior to 1769 when North West Company traders began to establish trading relationships in the heart of Athapaskan territory, contacts with Europeans were almost entirely indirect, conducted through Chipewyan middlement who jealously guarded their privileged access to the posts. The boundaries of the indirect trade areas fluctuated owing to intertribal rivalries, but generally, the hardships of travel over great distances prevented the Athapaskans from establishing direct contact with the posts. The pattern was only broken by the gradual expansion of the traders themselves into new regions. But, as Yerbury shows, it is a mistake to believe significant sociocultural change only began when posts were established. In fact, technological changes and economic adjustments to facilitate trade had already transformed Athapaskan groups and integrated them into the European commercial system by the opening of the Historic Era. The Early Fur Trade Period (1770-1800) was characterized by local trade centered on a few posts where Indians were simultaneously post hunters, trappers, and traders as well as middlemen. But the following Competitive Trade Period before the amalgamation of the fur companies in 1821 saw ruinous and violent feuding which had devastating effects on traders and natives alike. During these years there were great qualitative changes in the native way of life and the debt system was introduced. Finally, in the Trading Post Dependency Period, monopoly control brought peace and stability to the native population through the formation of trading post bands and trapping parties in the Athapaskan and Mackenzie Districts. This regularization of the trade and proliferation of new commodities represented a further basic transformation in native productive relations, making trade a necessity rather than a supplement to furnishing native livelihoods. By detailing this series of changes, The Subarctic Indians and the Fur Trade, 1680-1860 furthers understanding of how the Hudson's Bay Company and then government officials came to play an increasing role that the Dene themselves now wish to modify drastically. 606 $aAthapascan Indians$xHistory 606 $aTrading posts 606 $aFur trade$zCanada, Northern$xHistory 606 $aIndians of North America$zCanada, Northern$xHistory 606 $aTrading posts$zCanada, Northern 615 0$aAthapascan Indians$xHistory. 615 0$aTrading posts. 615 0$aFur trade$xHistory. 615 0$aIndians of North America$xHistory. 615 0$aTrading posts 676 $a381/.456753/09719 700 $aYerbury$b J. C$01800736 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910959718903321 996 $aThe subarctic Indians and the fur trade, 1680-1860$94345657 997 $aUNINA