LEADER 05828nam 22007573u 450 001 9910958989103321 005 20250204113127.0 035 $a(CKB)2660000000011303 035 $a(EBL)1576655 035 $a(OCoLC)865334431 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001141608 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11742716 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001141608 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11092484 035 $a(PQKB)11488239 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1576655 035 $a(MiFhGG)9780080993935 035 $a(EXLCZ)992660000000011303 100 $a20140113d2013|||| u|| | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 13$aAn Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation 205 $a2nd ed. 210 $aBurlington $cElsevier Science$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (377 p.) 225 0 $aElsevier insights An introduction to nuclear waste immobilisation 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9780080993928 311 08$a0080993923 327 $aFront Cover; An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; Preface to the Second Edition; 1 Introduction to Immobilisation; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Importance of Waste; 1.3 Radioactive Waste; 1.4 Recycling; 1.5 Waste Minimisation; 1.6 Processing and Immobilisation; 1.7 Time Frames; Bibliography; 2 Nuclear Decay; 2.1 Nuclear Matter; 2.2 Radioactive Decay; 2.3 Decay Law; 2.4 Radioactive Equilibrium; 2.5 Activity; 2.6 Alpha Decay; 2.7 Beta Decay; 2.8 Gamma Decay; 2.9 Spontaneous Fission; 2.10 Radionuclide Characteristics; Bibliography 327 $a3 Contaminants and Hazards3.1 Elemental Abundance; 3.2 Migration and Redistribution; 3.3 Potential Hazard of Nuclear Waste; 3.4 Relative Hazards; 3.5 Importance of Wasteform: Real Hazard Concept; 3.6 Wasteform Durability and Hazard Diminishing; Bibliography; 4 Naturally Occurring Radionuclides; 4.1 NORM and TENORM; 4.2 Primordial Radionuclides; 4.3 Use of Primordial Radionuclides for Dating; 4.4 Natural Nuclear Reactors; 4.5 Cosmogenic Radionuclides; 4.6 Natural Radionuclides in Igneous Rocks; 4.7 Natural Radionuclides in Sedimentary Rocks and Soils; 4.8 Natural Radionuclides in Sea Water 327 $a4.9 Radon Emissions4.10 Natural Radionuclides in the Human Body; Bibliography; 5 Background Radiation; 5.1 Radiation is Natural; 5.2 Dose Units; 5.3 Biological Consequences of Irradiation; 5.4 Background Radiation; Bibliography; 6 Nuclear Waste Regulations; 6.1 Regulatory Organisations; 6.2 Protection Philosophies; 6.3 Regulation of Radioactive Materials and Sources; 6.4 Exemption Criteria and Levels; 6.5 Clearance of Materials from Regulatory Control - Moderate Amounts; 6.6 Clearance of Materials from Regulatory Control - Bulk Amounts; 6.7 Double Standards; 6.8 Dose Limits 327 $a6.9 Control of Radiation Hazards6.10 Nuclear Waste Classification; 6.11 IAEA Classification Scheme; 6.12 Examples of Waste Classification; References; Bibliography; 7 Principles of Nuclear Waste Management; 7.1 International Consensus; 7.2 Objective of Radioactive Waste Management; 7.3 Fundamental Principles; 7.4 Comments on the Fundamental Principles; 7.5 Fundamental Safety Principles; 7.6 Ethical Principles; 7.7 Joint Convention; 7.8 International Cooperation; References; Bibliography; 8 Nuclear Waste Types and Sources; 8.1 Sources of Nuclear Waste; 8.2 Front-End and Operational NFC Waste 327 $a8.3 Back-End Open NFC Waste8.4 Back-End Closed NFC Waste; 8.5 Back-End NFC Decommissioning Waste; 8.6 Non-NFC Wastes; 8.7 Accidental Wastes; 8.8 Global Inventory; References; Bibliography; 9 Short-Lived Waste Radionuclides; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Tritium; 9.3 Cobalt-60; 9.4 Strontium-90; 9.5 Cesium-137; Bibliography; 10 Long-Lived Waste Radionuclides; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Carbon-14; 10.3 Technetium-99; 10.4 Iodine-129; 10.5 Plutonium; 10.6 Neptunium-237; 10.7 Nuclear Criticality; References; Bibliography; 11 Waste Processing Schemes; 11.1 Management Roadmap; 11.2 Waste Life Cycle 327 $a11.3 Pre-disposal 330 $aDrawing on the authors' extensive experience in the processing and disposal of waste, An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Second Edition examines the gamut of nuclear waste issues from the natural level of radionuclides in the environment to geological disposal of waste-forms and their long-term behavior. It covers all-important aspects of processing and immobilization, including nuclear decay, regulations, new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used, especially cement and glass, with further discussion of oth 606 $aNuclear waste 606 $aRadioactive waste disposal -- Safety measures 606 $aRadioactive waste disposal 606 $aRadioactive waste disposal$xSafety measures 606 $aRadioactive waste disposal 606 $aCivil & Environmental Engineering$2HILCC 606 $aEngineering & Applied Sciences$2HILCC 606 $aEnvironmental Engineering$2HILCC 615 4$aNuclear waste. 615 4$aRadioactive waste disposal -- Safety measures. 615 4$aRadioactive waste disposal. 615 0$aRadioactive waste disposal$xSafety measures. 615 0$aRadioactive waste disposal. 615 7$aCivil & Environmental Engineering 615 7$aEngineering & Applied Sciences 615 7$aEnvironmental Engineering 676 $a621.48 676 $a621.4838 700 $aOjovan$b M. I$0627277 701 $aLee$b William E$01203209 801 0$bAU-PeEL 801 1$bAU-PeEL 801 2$bAU-PeEL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910958989103321 996 $aAn Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation$94450465 997 $aUNINA