LEADER 11117nam 2200541 450 001 9910677278003321 005 20230627141941.0 010 $a1-119-58918-5 010 $a1-119-58919-3 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7102305 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7102305 035 $a(CKB)24950535400041 035 $a(EXLCZ)9924950535400041 100 $a20230224d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aDrug disposition and pharmacokinetics $eprinciples and applications for medicine, toxicology and biotechnology /$fStephen H. Curry and Robin Whelpton 205 $aSecond edition. 210 1$aHoboken, New Jersey :$cJohn Wiley & Sons,$d[2022] 210 4$d©2022 215 $a1 online resource (480 pages) 311 08$aPrint version: Curry, Stephen H. Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,c2022 9781119588436 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Setting the Scene: Concepts, Nature of Drugs, and Quality of Results -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Concepts and terminology: disposition and pharmacokinetics -- 1.3 Pharmacokinetic parameters -- 1.3.1 Half-life -- 1.3.2 Clearance and apparent volume of distribution -- 1.3.3 Area under the plasma concentration-time curve -- 1.3.4 Apparent oral clearance -- 1.4 Time-concentration-effect relationships -- 1.5 Properties of drugs and xenobiotics -- 1.6 Quality of the data -- 1.6.1 Quantification of analyte concentrations -- 1.6.2 Timing of samples -- 1.6.3 Quality control and method validation -- 1.7 References -- Chapter 2 Drug Disposition and Fate -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Transport proteins -- 2.3 Absorption -- 2.3.1 Gastrointestinal tract -- 2.3.2 Drug transfer across the gastrointestinal tract -- 2.3.3 Other mucus membranes -- 2.3.4 Skeletal muscle -- 2.3.5 Skin -- 2.3.6 Absorption of macromolecules and nanoparticles -- 2.4 Distribution -- 2.4.1 Mechanisms of sequestration -- 2.4.2 Assessing the extent and location of distribution -- 2.4.3 Kinetics of distribution -- 2.5 Metabolism -- 2.5.1 Phase 1 metabolism -- 2.5.2 Phase 2 conjugations -- 2.5.3 Metabolism by microbiota -- 2.6 Excretion -- 2.6.1 Urine -- 2.6.2 Biliary excretion -- 2.6.3 Expired air -- 2.6.4 Saliva -- 2.6.5 Stomach and intestine -- 2.6.6 Breast milk -- 2.6.7 Other routes of excretion -- 2.6.8 Cycling processes -- 2.7 References -- Chapter 3 Pharmacokinetic Modelling -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fundamental concepts -- 3.2.1 Apparent volume of distribution -- 3.2.2 Clearance -- 3.3 Elimination -- 3.3.1 First-order elimination -- 3.3.2 Non-linear elimination -- 3.4 Intravenous infusions -- 3.4.1 Single-compartment model with first-order elimination -- 3.4.2 Two-compartment model with first-order elimination. 327 $a3.5 First-order input and elimination -- 3.5.1 Absorption -- 3.5.2 Multiple dosing -- 3.6 Areas under the plasma concentration-time curve: trapezoidal method -- 3.7 Statistical moment theory -- 3.7.1 Estimating AUMC -- 3.8 Bioavailability and bioequivalence -- 3.8.1 Non-linear kinetics -- 3.8.2 Effect of systemic availability on plasma concentration-time curves -- 3.8.3 Factors affecting bioavailability -- 3.8.4 Bioequivalence -- 3.9 Physiological modelling -- 3.9.1 Practical considerations -- 3.10 Population kinetics -- 3.11 References -- Chapter 4 Pharmacokinetics of Metabolism and Excretion -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Metabolite kinetics -- 4.2.1 Basic concepts -- 4.2.2 Fraction of metabolite formed -- 4.2.3 More complex situations -- 4.2.4 Effect of pre-systemic metabolism -- 4.2.5 Interconversion of drug and metabolite -- 4.2.6 Active metabolites and prodrugs -- 4.2.7 Kinetics of formed and preformed metabolites -- 4.3 Kinetics of urinary excretion -- 4.3.1 Renal clearance -- 4.3.2 Effect of urine flow rate -- 4.3.3 Estimating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate -- 4.3.4 Specific drug examples -- 4.4 Excretion in faeces -- 4.5 References -- Chapter 5 Quantitative Pharmacological Relationships -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Concentration-effect relationships and dose-response curves -- 5.3 Concentration-effect relationships in vivo -- 5.4 Time-Dependent Models -- 5.4.1 Direct link and indirect link models -- 5.4.2 Temporal displacement -- 5.4.3 Inhomogeneity of plasma -- 5.4.4 Effects of unequal distribution in plasma -- 5.4.5 Pharmacokinetic distributional models -- 5.5 PK-PD modelling -- 5.5.1 PK-PD modelling under steady-state conditions -- 5.5.2 Use of effect-compartment models -- 5.5.3 Indirect-response models -- 5.5.4 Disease progression models -- 5.5.5 Time-related changes in pharmacodynamic parameters -- 5.5.6 Schedule dependence. 327 $a5.5.7 Basic PK-PD versus system PK-PD -- 5.6 References -- Chapter 6 Predictive Pharmacokinetics -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Physiochemical properties -- 6.2.1 Druggability -- 6.2.2 Drug-likeness -- 6.2.3 Dissolution studies -- 6.3 Metabolic stability -- 6.3.1 Microsomal intrinsic clearance -- 6.3.2 Hepatocytes -- 6.3.3 Recombinant human cytochromes -- 6.4 Plasma protein and tissue binding and blood/plasma ratios -- 6.4.1 Plasma protein binding -- 6.4.2 Erythrocyte concentrations -- 6.5 Hepatic clearance -- 6.5.1 Hepatic intrinsic clearance -- 6.5.2 Effect of plasma protein binding on elimination kinetics -- 6.6 Experimental methods of assessing transfer across biological membranes -- 6.6.1 Cell culture -- 6.6.2 Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay -- 6.6.3 Ussing chambers -- 6.6.4 Intestinal sacs -- 6.6.5 In vivo/in situ studies -- 6.7 Allometric scaling -- 6.7.1 Refinements to allometric scaling -- 6.7.2 Practical aspects of allometry -- 6.7.3 Method of Wajima -- 6.8 In silico predictions and PBPK modelling -- 6.9 Microdosing studies -- 6.10 Translational science -- 6.11 References -- Chapter 7 Disposition of Peptides and Other Biological Molecules -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Chemical aspects -- 7.2.1 PEGylation -- 7.3 Assay methods -- 7.4 Pharmacokinetics -- 7.4.1 Administration and dosage -- 7.4.2 Bioequivalence and biosimilarity -- 7.4.3 Distribution -- 7.4.4 Metabolism -- 7.4.5 Excretion -- 7.5 Plasma kinetics and pharmacodynamics -- 7.6 Examples of particular interest -- 7.6.1 Botulinum toxins -- 7.6.2 Cholecystokinins -- 7.6.3 Ciclosporin -- 7.6.4 Cocaine hydrolases -- 7.6.5 Erythropoietin -- 7.6.6 Heparin -- 7.6.7 Mipomersen -- 7.6.8 Somatotropin -- 7.6.9 Vasopressin and desmopressin -- 7.7 References -- Chapter 8 Monoclonal Antibodies -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Nomenclature -- 8.3 Circulation of monoclonal antibodies. 327 $a8.3.1 Convection -- 8.3.2 Neonatal Fc receptor -- 8.3.3 Binding to soluble target antigens -- 8.4 Pharmaceutical and DMPK aspects -- 8.4.1 Routes of administration -- 8.4.2 Distribution and apparent volume of distribution -- 8.4.3 Metabolism and excretion -- 8.4.4 Pharmacokinetics -- 8.4.5 Individual and population pharmacokinetics -- 8.5 Development of orally administered monoclonal antibodies -- 8.6 Optimizing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties -- 8.7 Two highlighted early and durable examples -- 8.7.1 Trastuzumab -- 8.7.2 Adalimumab -- 8.8 PBPK modelling -- 8.9 Antibody-drug conjugates -- 8.9.1 Payloads -- 8.9.2 Linkers -- 8.9.3 Bystander killing -- 8.9.4 Disposition and pharmacokinetics -- 8.10 References -- Chapter 9 Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics in Veterinary Sciences -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Areas of practice -- 9.2.1 Companion animal medicine -- 9.2.2 Treatment of animals of commerce -- 9.2.3 Zoos and wildlife preserves -- 9.2.4 Laboratory animal medicine -- 9.3 Scientific approach including allometric scaling -- 9.4 Information organized by pharmacokinetic processes -- 9.4.1 Administration -- 9.4.2 Absorption -- 9.4.3 Tissue distribution -- 9.4.4 Plasma protein binding and transporters -- 9.4.5 Metabolism -- 9.4.6 Excretion -- 9.5 Information organized by species and drugs -- 9.5.1 Mammals -- 9.5.2 Fish -- 9.6 Some drugs unique to veterinary science -- 9.7 Accidental exposure: toxicology - drugs used by humans that are dangerous to animals -- 9.7.1 Paracetamol in cats -- 9.7.2 Xanthines: chocolate in dogs -- 9.8 Residue analysis -- 9.9 References -- Chapter 10 Factors Affecting Plasma Concentrations: Consideration of Special Populations -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Pharmaceutical factors -- 10.3 Weight and obesity -- 10.3.1 Effects of obesity on pharmacokinetics -- 10.3.2 Dose adjustment in obesity. 327 $a10.3.3 Oral contraceptives -- 10.3.4 Gastric bypass surgery -- 10.3.5 Psychiatric patients -- 10.4 Food, diet, and nutrition -- 10.4.1 Diet and nutrition -- 10.5 Time of day -- 10.5.1 Circadian rhythms -- 10.5.2 Absorption -- 10.5.3 The liver -- 10.5.4 The kidneys -- 10.5.5 Intravenous and other injected doses -- 10.5.6 Pharmacodynamics -- 10.6 Posture and exercise -- 10.6.1 Exercise -- 10.7 Smoking -- 10.8 References -- Chapter 11 Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Precision Medicine -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Terminology -- 11.2 Methods for the study of pharmacogenetics -- 11.2.1 Studies in twins -- 11.2.2 Phenotyping and genotyping -- 11.3 N-Acetyltransferase -- 11.3.1 Isoniazid -- 11.3.2 Sulfonamides -- 11.3.3 Other drugs -- 11.3.4 Genotyping N-acetyltransferase -- 11.4 Plasma cholinesterase -- 11.4.1 Suxamethonium -- 11.5 Carboxylesterases -- 11.6 Cytochrome P450 polymorphisms -- 11.6.1 Cytochrome 2D6 -- 11.6.2 Cytochrome 2C9 -- 11.6.3 Cytochrome 2C19 -- 11.6.4 Cytochromes 3A4/5 -- 11.6.5 Other cytochrome P450 polymorphisms -- 11.7 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase -- 11.7.1 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency -- 11.7.2 Triggering -- 11.7.3 Effects on pharmacokinetics -- 11.8 Alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase -- 11.9 Thiopurine methyltransferase -- 11.10 Phase 2 enzymes -- 11.10.1 UDP-glucuronosyltransferases -- 11.10.2 Sulfotransferases -- 11.10.3 Glutathione transferases -- 11.11 Transporters -- 11.12 Pharmacodynamic differences -- 11.13 Ethnicity -- 11.14 Personalized medicine -- 11.15 References -- Chapter 12 Effects of Sex and Pregnancy on Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Studies in animals -- 12.2 Effect of sex on human drug disposition and pharmacokinetics -- 12.2.1 Absorption and bioavailability -- 12.2.2 Distribution -- 12.2.3 Metabolism -- 12.2.4 Excretion. 327 $a12.2.5 Effects. 606 $aPharmacokinetics 606 $aBiopharmaceutics 606 $aDrugs$xMetabolism 615 0$aPharmacokinetics. 615 0$aBiopharmaceutics. 615 0$aDrugs$xMetabolism. 676 $a615.7 700 $aCurry$b Stephen H.$096094 702 $aWhelpton$b Robin 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910677278003321 996 $aDrug disposition and pharmacokinetics$93067998 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04884nam 2200625Ia 450 001 9910958973203321 005 20251116234242.0 010 $a1-906096-60-0 010 $a1-906096-69-4 035 $a(CKB)2580000000005797 035 $a(EBL)3238294 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000493696 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11333541 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000493696 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10504544 035 $a(PQKB)10499347 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3238294 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3238294 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10359314 035 $a(OCoLC)688509272 035 $a(BIP)27069460 035 $a(EXLCZ)992580000000005797 100 $a20100308d2009 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aBusiness knowledge for IT in Islamic finance $ecomplete handbook for IT professionals 210 $aLondon $cEssvale Corporation$dc2009 215 $a1 online resource (193 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a1-906096-62-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $a""Preface""; ""Acknowledgements""; ""Contents""; ""Introduction""; ""Overview of Islamic Finance""; ""Introduction""; ""Definition""; ""Main Types of Islamic Finance""; ""History of Islamic Finance""; ""Islamic Economics and Finance Key Concepts""; ""Relationship between Ethical Investment and Islamic Principles""; ""A Range of Islamic Financial Instruments""; ""Valid Gains on Investment ""; ""What Differentiates Islamic Finance and Conventional Finance?""; ""Global Market for Islamic Finance""; ""Business Environment ""; ""Introduction ""; ""Environmental Factors""; ""Country Analysis"" 327 $a""Profiles of Major Players""""Regulators""; ""Data Providers""; ""Indices""; ""Ratings""; ""Islamic Banking""; ""Introduction""; ""What is Islamic Banking?""; ""The Shariah Board""; ""Comparison of Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking""; ""How do Islamic Banks work?""; ""Overview of Key Markets""; ""Core Operations of Islamic Banks""; ""Islam Banking Products""; ""The Deposit Side of Islamic Banking""; ""Asset-side Instruments""; ""Islamic Investment Banking""; ""Islamic Financial Markets and Instruments""; ""Islamic Insurance""; ""Introduction""; ""Definitions of Takaful"" 327 $a""Brief History of Takaful""""Basic Facts about Takaful""; ""Main Drivers of Takaful""; ""Basic Elements of Takaful""; ""Differences between Insurance and Takaful""; ""Key Features of Takaful""; ""Takaful Operating Models""; ""Retakaful""; ""Ijarah Islamic Leasing""; ""Introduction""; ""Definitions of Ijarah""; ""Comparison between Ijarah and Murabaha Financing""; ""Basic Rules of Leasing""; ""Reasons for choosing Ijarah as Opposed to Murabaha""; ""Types of Ijarah Arrangements""; ""Implementation Issues in Ijarah Financing""; ""Securitisation""; ""Introduction"" 327 $a""Definition of Islamic Securitisation""""The Case for Securitisation in Islamic Finance""; ""Adapting the Principles of Islamic Finance to Securitisation""; ""The Capital Markets in an Islamic Framework""; ""Sukuk and Securitisation""; ""Sukuk Compared to Bonds""; ""Categories of Sukuk""; ""Participants in Sukuk Issue or Securitisation""; ""The Relations between Parties Involved""; ""Tradable and Non-tradable Sukuk""; ""The Importance of Sukuk""; ""Types of Sukuk""; ""Trends""; ""Introduction""; ""Growth of Syndicated Islamic Finance""; ""Islamic Project Financing"" 327 $a""Impact of Basel II on Islamic Finance""""Launch of Islamic ETFs""; ""Growth of Islamic Private Equity""; ""Growth of Islamic Private Banking and Wealth Management""; ""Financing Practices""; ""Introduction""; ""Financing Areas""; ""Trade Financing""; ""Cards""; ""Working Capital Finance""; ""Liquidity Management""; ""Foreign Exchange Dealings""; ""Mortgages""; ""Common Systems Used in Islamic Banking and Finance""; ""Introduction""; ""IT Situation in Islamic Banks""; ""Profile of Systems""; ""Profiles of Systems""; ""List of Other Systems""; ""IT Projects""; ""Introduction"" 327 $a""Approach to Successful Project Management"" 330 $aDeals with the convergence of business and IT in the Islamic finance industry. This work contains information on the fundamentals of Islamic finance. It is suitable for professionals working in the Islamic Finance and crossovers. 606 $aFinance$zIslamic countries 606 $aEconomics$zIslamic countries 606 $aBanks and banking$zIslamic countries 615 0$aFinance 615 0$aEconomics 615 0$aBanks and banking 676 $a332 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910958973203321 996 $aBusiness knowledge for IT in Islamic finance$94468998 997 $aUNINA