LEADER 07267oam 22015494 450 001 9910958730803321 005 20250426111018.0 010 $a9781475516425 010 $a1475516428 010 $a9781484338551 010 $a1484338553 010 $a9781484338759 010 $a1484338758 035 $a(CKB)2550000001276677 035 $a(EBL)1676606 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001305148 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11861170 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001305148 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11248765 035 $a(PQKB)11029242 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1676606 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1676606 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10861148 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL598678 035 $a(OCoLC)880458648 035 $a(IMF)1ALBEE2014001 035 $a(IMF)1ALBEA2014001 035 $a1ALBEA2014001 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001276677 100 $a20020129d2014 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aAlbania : $eStaff Report for the 2013 Article IV Consultation and Request for Extended Arrangement 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2014. 215 $a1 online resource (114 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Staff Country Reports 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9781484338339 311 08$a1484338332 311 08$a9781306674270 311 08$a1306674271 327 $a""Cover""; ""CONTENTS""; ""CONTEXT""; ""OUTLOOK AND RISKS""; ""REPORT ON DISCUSSIONS AND PROGRAM POLICIES""; ""A. Fiscal Policy: Laying the Groundwork for Fiscal and Debt Sustainability""; ""B. Use of Monetary Policy to Ease the Economic Slowdown""; ""C. Maintaining Financial Stability in the Face of Continued Challenges""; ""D. Embarking on a Path of Sustained Medium-term Growth""; ""PROGRAM MODALITIES AND RISKS""; ""STAFF APPRAISAL""; ""BOXES""; ""1. Implementation Recommendations of the 2012 Article IV Consultation""; ""2. Reform Agenda"" 327 $a""3. Possible Tax and Expenditure Measures, 2014a???16""""4 Exchange Rate Assessment""; ""5. Conclusions of the 2013 FSAP""; ""6. Program Modalities and Risks""; ""FIGURES""; ""1. Background and Outlook""; ""2. External Sector Developments""; ""3. Fiscal Developments""; ""4. Inflation and Monetary Developments""; ""5. Financial Sector Developments""; ""6. Business Environment and Labor Market""; ""7. Governance and Public Finances""; ""TABLES""; ""1. Basic Indicators and Macroeconomic Framework, 2009a???19""; ""2a. General Government Operations, 2009a???19"" 327 $a""2b. General Government Operations, 2009a???19""""3a. Balance of Payments, 2009a???19 (Percent of GDP)""; ""3b. Balance of Payments, 2009a???19 (Millions of euros)""; ""4a. Monetary Survey, 2009a???14""; ""4b. Summary of Accounts of the Central Bank, 2009a???14""; ""5. IMF Core Indicators of Financial Soundness, December 2005a???June 2013""; ""6. External Financing Requirement and Sources, 2012a???19""; ""7. Schedule of Review and Purchases (provisional)""; ""8. Indicators to Capacity to Repay to the Fund, 2012a???19""; ""APPENDIX""; ""I. Letter of Intent"" 327 $a""Attachment I. Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies""""Attachment II. Technical Memorandum of Understanding""; ""ANNEXES""; ""I. Risk Assessment Matrix""; ""II. Debt Sustainability Analysis""; ""III. External Debt Sustainability""; ""CONTENTS""; ""FUND RELATIONS""; ""WORLD BANK GROUP RELATIONS""; ""STATISTICAL ISSUES"" 330 3 $aThis 2013 Article IV Consultation for Albania focuses on economic developments and policies that have led to weakening and imbalance of the economy. It highlights that high nonperforming loans (NPLs) are constraining credit growth, and weak external drivers are preventing a sustained reduction in external imbalances. Reduction in NPLs would safeguard financial stability and help release credit supply constraints by lowering bank risk aversion. The authorities have requested a three-year arrangement with proposed access equivalent to SDR 295.42 million. 410 0$aIMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;$vNo. 2014/078 606 $aFiscal policy$zAlbania 606 $aMonetary policy$zAlbania 606 $aEconomic indicators$zAlbania 606 $aBanks and Banking$2imf 606 $aExports and Imports$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aIndustries: Financial Services$2imf 606 $aStatistics$2imf 606 $aBanks$2imf 606 $aDepository Institutions$2imf 606 $aMicro Finance Institutions$2imf 606 $aMortgages$2imf 606 $aDebt$2imf 606 $aDebt Management$2imf 606 $aSovereign Debt$2imf 606 $aInternational Lending and Debt Problems$2imf 606 $aGeneral Aggregative Models: General$2imf 606 $aTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General$2imf 606 $aData Collection and Data Estimation Methodology$2imf 606 $aComputer Programs: Other$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aInternational economics$2imf 606 $aBanking$2imf 606 $aEconometrics & economic statistics$2imf 606 $aPublic debt$2imf 606 $aArrears$2imf 606 $aNonperforming loans$2imf 606 $aLoans$2imf 606 $aExternal debt$2imf 606 $aFinancial institutions$2imf 606 $aDebts, Public$2imf 606 $aDebts, External$2imf 606 $aBanks and banking$2imf 606 $aNational income$2imf 607 $aAlbania$xEconomic conditions 607 $aAlbania$2imf 615 0$aFiscal policy 615 0$aMonetary policy 615 0$aEconomic indicators 615 7$aBanks and Banking 615 7$aExports and Imports 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aIndustries: Financial Services 615 7$aStatistics 615 7$aBanks 615 7$aDepository Institutions 615 7$aMicro Finance Institutions 615 7$aMortgages 615 7$aDebt 615 7$aDebt Management 615 7$aSovereign Debt 615 7$aInternational Lending and Debt Problems 615 7$aGeneral Aggregative Models: General 615 7$aTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General 615 7$aData Collection and Data Estimation Methodology 615 7$aComputer Programs: Other 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aInternational economics 615 7$aBanking 615 7$aEconometrics & economic statistics 615 7$aPublic debt 615 7$aArrears 615 7$aNonperforming loans 615 7$aLoans 615 7$aExternal debt 615 7$aFinancial institutions 615 7$aDebts, Public 615 7$aDebts, External 615 7$aBanks and banking 615 7$aNational income 676 $a332.152 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund.$bEuropean Department, 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910958730803321 996 $aAlbania$958018 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05600nam 22005775 450 001 9910751388503321 005 20251008150501.0 010 $a9783031376122 010 $a3031376129 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-031-37612-2 035 $a(PPN)280123175 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC30787867 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL30787867 035 $a(CKB)28505213900041 035 $a(OCoLC)1405926196 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-031-37612-2 035 $a(EXLCZ)9928505213900041 100 $a20231014d2023 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe Ascendancy of Regional Powers in Contemporary US-China Relations $eRethinking the Great Power Rivalry /$fedited by Kari Roberts, Saira Bano 205 $a1st ed. 2023. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Palgrave Macmillan,$d2023. 215 $a1 online resource (300 pages) 225 1 $aGlobal Foreign Policy Studies,$x2731-7544 311 08$aPrint version: Roberts, Kari The Ascendancy of Regional Powers in Contemporary US-China Relations Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2023 9783031376115 327 $a1. Introduction: Rethinking and Reframing the Great Power Rivalry -- 2. US-China Relations: From Engagement to Competition -- 3. South Asia in U.S.-China Great Power Competition -- 4. The Material and Ideational Forces Behind Japan?s Shifting Identity in the Face of the China-US Rivalry -- 5. From Hedging to Balancing: Australia?s China Policy and Implications for US-China Rivalry -- 6. The Kingmaker?s Conundrum: South Korea Navigating the Sino-US Peer Competition -- 7. ASEAN?s Agency amid U.S.-China Rivalry: Small-State Hedging across the Twin Chessboards -- 8. Last Among Unequals: Russia and the Contemporary Great Power Rivalry -- 9. New Europe on the New Silk Road: Central, East and Southeast Europe amid US-China Rivalry -- 10. The EU's Strategic Readjustment and its Impact on US-China Relations -- 11. Never Going to Let You Go: The Middle East, Great Power Competition, and the Rise of China -- 12. Stoking the US-China Rivalry: Zimbabweand the Internationalization of its Anti-Sanctions Agenda -- 13. Latin America?s Role in the Great Power Competition -- 14. Managing the Sino-American Arctic Rivalry -- 15. Conclusion. . 330 $aGreat power competition is back on the world stage, and today?s international system is home to regional influences on great power relations that cannot be ignored. The United States? unipolar moment is long over, and China?s hegemonic ambitions find expression in a comprehensive global competition with the US that plays out across multiple spheres of world politics. The US-China rivalry can be felt in geostrategic, economic, governance, diplomacy, intelligence, and technological spheres, to name a few. Most accounts of China-US relations in the context of great power conflict emphasize the many ways in which this rivalry has a ripple effect across the globe, with an impact upon the relations and interests of smaller powers. And while these effects are considerable and important, this book contends that attention must also be paid to the ways in which smaller, regional states have the potential to shape this great power rivalry. Put simply, great powers both shape, and are shaped by, smaller states. Any understanding of contemporary great power relations between the US and China requires both a top down, but also a bottom up consideration of the interplay between great powers and regional ones. Often the interests of regional powers are rooted in domestic considerations such as their identities and national interests, and these influences transcend borders and often have an impact upon the great powers. This book considers these smaller, regional actors and attempts to measure the extent to which they influence the US-China rivalry. For this study, constructivist theory, which prioritizes the agency that regional powers enjoy, is loosely used as a tool to enable a more robust and comprehensive understanding of the influences on the contemporary great power relationship. Each of the book?s chapters represents a region, or part of a region, that enjoys a considerable impact upon US-China relations. Kari Roberts is Associate Professor of Political Science and Chair of the Department of Economics, Justice, and Policy Studies at Mount Royal University (MRU). She is also a Coordinator of the North American and Arctic Defence and Security Network (NAADSN). Saira Bano is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Philosophy, History, and Politics at Thompson Rivers University (TRU) in Kamloops, British Columbia. Her research focuses on the nuclear non-proliferation regime, nuclear weapons issues in South Asia and IR theories. 410 0$aGlobal Foreign Policy Studies,$x2731-7544 606 $aInternational relations 606 $aInternational Relations 606 $aForeign Policy 606 $aInternational Relations Theory 615 0$aInternational relations. 615 14$aInternational Relations. 615 24$aForeign Policy. 615 24$aInternational Relations Theory. 676 $a327.51073 676 $a327.51073 700 $aRoberts$b Kari$01432793 701 $aBano$b Saira$01432794 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910751388503321 996 $aThe Ascendancy of Regional Powers in Contemporary US-China Relations$93577821 997 $aUNINA