LEADER 12150nam 2200649 a 450 001 9910958372903321 005 20250417110024.0 010 0 $a9781118369708 010 0 $a111836970X 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7103588 035 $a(CKB)24989487700041 035 $a(NjHacI)9924989487700041 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1143558 035 $a(FR-PaCSA)88838977 035 $a(FRCYB88838977)88838977 035 $a(EXLCZ)9924989487700041 100 $a20121108d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aOncology at a glance /$fGraham G. Dark 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aChichester, West Sussex, U.K. $cWiley-Blackwell$d2013 210 1$aChichester, West Sussex :$cJohn Wiley & Sons,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (132 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aAt a glance 300 $aIncludes index. 311 08$a9781118272145 311 08$a1118272145 311 08$a9781118369692 311 08$a1118369696 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- 1: The global burden of cancer -- The global burden of cancer -- Developed and developing countries -- Tobacco -- Lifestyle -- Infections -- Challenges -- 2: The nomenclature of oncology -- Tumour nomenclature -- Tumour grade -- Cytology -- Cytogenetic analysis -- Tumour stage -- Performance status -- 3: Environmental determinants of cancer -- Environmental factors -- Radiation -- Chemicals -- Smoking -- Infections -- Hormones -- Nutrition and lifestyle -- 4: The hallmarks of cancer I -- The 10 hallmarks of cancer -- 1. Genome instability and mutation -- 2. Resisting cell death -- 5: The hallmarks of cancer II -- 3. Sustaining proliferative signalling -- The cell cycle -- Cell cycle regulation -- Stimulation of the cell cycle -- 4. Evading growth suppressors -- 5. Enabling replicative immortality -- 6: The hallmarks of cancer III -- 6. Inducing angiogenesis -- 7. Activating invasion and metastasis -- 7: The hallmarks of cancer IV -- 8. Reprogramming energy metabolism -- 9. Tumour-promoting inflammation -- 10. Evading immune destruction -- 8: Cancer genetics and inherited cancer -- Principles of cancer genetics -- How genes cause cancer -- Oncogenes -- Tumour suppressor genes -- Multistep carcinogenesis -- Inherited cancer syndromes -- Autosomal dominant cancer syndromes -- Autosomal recessive cancer syndromes -- 9: Communicating with cancer patients -- Communicating with cancer patients -- The doctor-patient relationship -- Breaking bad news -- Steps to breaking bad news -- Dealing with the emotional patient -- Communicating with younger patients -- 10: Presenting problems in a patient with cancer -- Presenting features of cancer -- General features on examination -- Local effects -- Change of function -- Obstruction of a conduit -- Metastatic effects. 327 $a11: Paraneoplastic syndromes -- Ectopic hormone production -- Neurological manifestations -- Cutaneous manifestations -- Haematological manifestations -- Gastrointestinal manifestations -- Renal manifestations -- Other paraneoplastic syndromes -- 12: Metabolic emergencies in cancer patients -- Hypercalcaemia -- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis -- Hypomagnesaemia -- Tumour lysis syndrome -- 13: Oncological emergencies -- Neutropenic sepsis -- Superior vena cava obstruction -- Spinal cord compression -- 14: Investigation and management of metastatic disease -- Brain metastases -- Lung metastases -- Liver metastases -- Bone metastases -- Malignant pleural effusion -- Malignant ascites -- Other sites -- 15: Tumour markers -- Serum proteins -- Clinical usefulness -- Human chorionic gonadotrophin -- Alpha-fetoprotein -- Placental alkaline phosphatase -- CA19-9 -- Inhibin -- Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) -- CA15-3 -- CA125 -- Squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen (SCC) -- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) -- Hormones -- 16: Screening for cancer -- Successful screening -- Lead time bias -- Length time bias -- Breast cancer screening -- Colorectal cancer screening -- Gastric cancer screening -- Prostate cancer screening -- Cervical cancer screening -- Ovarian cancer screening -- Lung cancer screening -- The future -- 17: Imaging in oncology -- Plain film imaging -- Ultrasound -- Computerised tomography -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Radioisotope imaging -- Positron emission tomography -- 18: Approach to treatment and response assessment -- Treatment goals -- Treatment approach -- Assessment of toxicity -- Evaluation of treatment -- 19: Principles of surgical oncology -- Surgical oncology -- Prevention -- Evaluation of primary disease -- Biopsy types -- Staging -- Treatment -- Palliative procedures -- 20: Pharmacology of anticancer agents. 327 $aAn introduction to chemotherapy -- Growth fractions and doubling time -- Tumour growth -- Drug resistance -- Class of chemotherapy agents -- 21: Principles of radiotherapy -- How radiotherapy works -- High-energy photons -- Photoelectric effect -- Compton effect -- Pair production -- Types of radiation treatment -- Electron beams -- Brachytherapy -- Conformal radiation therapy -- Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) -- Proton therapy -- Stereotactic radiosurgery -- 22: Adverse effects of treatment -- Treatment toxicity -- Extravasation injury -- Specific toxicities -- Late adverse effects -- 23: Management of nausea -- Pathophysiology -- Oncology practice -- Approach to treatment -- Patients with advanced disease -- 24: Analgesia -- Pain assessment -- Treatment -- Opioid analgesia -- Side effects -- 25: Clinical trials in cancer patients -- Asking a research question -- Observational studies -- Phase I clinical trials -- Phase II clinical trials -- Phase III clinical trials -- Randomisation -- Meta-analysis -- 26: The role of multidisciplinary teams -- Multidisciplinary team meetings -- Role of the team -- Benefit of MDT meetings -- Combined clinics -- Recruitment into clinical trials -- Education opportunities -- 27: End of life care -- Physical symptoms -- Psychological issues -- Managing the terminal phase -- 28: Carcinoma of unknown primary -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Initial investigations -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 29: Breast cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology and pathophysiology -- Clinical presentation -- Treatment -- Prevention -- Screening -- 30: Lung cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- 31: Mesothelioma -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Clinical presentation. 327 $aInvestigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 32: Oesophageal cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology and pathophysiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 33: Gastric cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 34: Colorectal cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- Screening -- 35: Pancreatic cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 36: Hepatobiliary cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 37: Ovarian cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigation and staging -- Treatment -- Complications -- Prognosis -- 38: Endometrial cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Complications -- Prognosis -- 39: Cervical cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Screening -- Screening following treatment -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 40: Germ cell tumours -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathophysiology -- Seminoma and dysgerminoma -- Non-seminoma -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 41: Prostate cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology and pathophysiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Screening -- Prognosis -- 42: Bladder and renal cancer -- Aetiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Bladder cancer -- Renal cancer -- Prognosis -- 43: Head and neck cancer. 327 $aEpidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical examination -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 44: Thyroid cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 45: Bone cancer and sarcoma -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 46: Skin cancer -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Non-melanoma skin cancer -- Basal cell carcinoma -- Squamous cell carcinoma -- Melanoma -- 47: Cancers of the central nervous system -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Clinical presentation -- Glial tumours -- Meningioma -- Spinal axis tumours -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Complications -- Prognosis -- 48: Neuroendocrine tumours -- Argentaffin and hormone secretion -- Carcinoid tumours -- Gastroenteropancreatic NETs -- Insulinoma -- Gastrinoma -- Glucagonoma -- VIPoma -- Somatostatinoma -- Phaeochromocytoma -- Serum tumour markers -- 49: Leukaemia -- Epidemiology and pathogenesis -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and classification -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 50: Hodgkin's lymphoma -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 51: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 52: Myeloma -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations and staging -- Treatment -- Prognosis -- 53: Childhood cancers -- Paediatric oncology -- Teenager and young adult oncology -- Aetiology -- Haematological cancers -- Leukaemia -- Lymphoma -- Embryonal tumours -- Neuroblastoma -- Retinoblastoma -- Nephroblastoma (Wilm's tumour) -- Hepatoblastoma -- Central nervous system cancer -- Glioma. 327 $aIntracranial and intraspinal embryonal tumours. 330 $aThis brand new title in the market-leading at a Glance series brings together fundamental information on cancer biology and treatment to provide a holistic understanding of oncology. It explores both relevant scientific content and key human issues, including communication and palliative care. Oncology at a Glance:  Provides an accessible overview of the scientific foundation of cancer medicine  Covers the common cancers as well as key information on presentation and approaches to investigation and management  Includes young adult oncology, the multidisciplinary team, clinical trials in oncology, approach to treatment and response assessment, management of nausea, and end-of-life care  Was developed with students for students, to ensure it contains exactly what students need to know Oncology at a Glance is an ideal guide for medical students and foundation-year doctors as well as any other healthcare professionals looking to consolidate their knowledge of oncology. 410 0$aAt a glance series (Oxford, England) 606 $aOncology$xMethodology 606 $aTumors$xDiagnosis 606 $aTumors$xTreatment 615 0$aOncology$xMethodology. 615 0$aTumors$xDiagnosis. 615 0$aTumors$xTreatment. 676 $a616.99/4 700 $aDark$b Graham$01812989 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910958372903321 996 $aOncology at a glance$94365708 997 $aUNINA