LEADER 12344nam 2200721Ia 450 001 9910958367603321 005 20251116160636.0 010 $a9786610221769 010 $a9781280221767 010 $a1280221763 010 $a9780309568203 010 $a030956820X 035 $a(CKB)111069351106016 035 $a(OCoLC)726823260 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10071469 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000210891 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12056718 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000210891 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10292349 035 $a(PQKB)11568247 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3377441 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3377441 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10071469 035 $a(OCoLC)923270546 035 $a(Perlego)4736896 035 $a(BIP)1117817 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111069351106016 100 $a19861211g1986 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aDiseases of importance in developing countries $eestablishing priorities /$fby the Committee on Issues and Priorities for New Vaccine Development, Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Institute of Medicine 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1986 215 $a1 online resource (xvi, 432 pages) 225 0 $aNew vaccine development ;$vv.2 300 $aPrepared for the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 311 0 $a9780309036795 311 0 $a0309036798 320 $aIncludes bibliographies and indexes. 327 $aNew Vaccine Development Establishing Priorities -- Copyright -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Abstract -- Contents -- Summary -- SELECTION OF CANDIDATES -- DETERMINATION OF HEALTH BENEFITS -- Disease Burden Estimates -- Infant Mortality Equivalence Values -- Total Disease Burden Values -- VACCINE CHARACTERISTICS -- Predictions of Vaccine Development -- Definition of Probable Vaccine Target Population -- Treatment of Vaccine Utilization -- Estimation of Time to Licensure, Time to Vaccine Adoption, and Delay of Vaccination Benefits: Discou... -- Estimation of Vaccine Preventable Illness -- Calculation of Potential Health Benefits for Each Vaccine -- Cost Calculations -- INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS -- FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCE -- 2 Priority Setting for Health-Related Investments: A Review of Methods -- METHODS FOR PROJECT RANKING AND SELECTION -- MULTIATTRIBUTE ACCOUNTING -- MULTIATTRIBUTE SCORING -- DECISION ANALYSIS WITH MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES -- COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS -- BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS -- SELECTION OF AN APPROACH -- ISSUES IN PROJECT RANKING METHODOLOGIES -- Sources of Estimates -- Sequential or "Lexicographic" Methods -- Interdependence Among Projects -- The "Portfolio" Question -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 3 Overview of the Analytic Approach -- METHOD -- Calculation Procedures -- INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS -- GUIDELINES -- Step 1 -- Step 2 -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCE -- 4 Comparison of Disease Burdens -- ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM FOR COMPARING MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY BURDENS ARISING FROM VARIOUS DISEASES -- Trade-Off Values -- Expression of Morbidity and Mortality Burdens -- Procedures Used in Deriving Disease Estimates -- Limitations of the Current Estimates -- VALUE JUDGMENTS IN QUANTIFYING MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY -- IME Perspective Used in This Study -- The Effect of Adopting Other IME Perspectives. 327 $aCOMPARISON OF COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES -- Estimating Aggregate Direct Costs of Diseases in the Developing World -- Estimating Costs for Diseases in Specific Countries or Regions -- Indirect Costs -- FINDINGS -- LIMITATIONS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Predictions on Vaccine Development -- THE NEED FOR PREDICTIONS -- SELECTION OF CANDIDATES -- VACCINE CANDIDATES AND TARGET POPULATIONS -- PREDICTIONS ON VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- Probability of Successful Development -- Cost of Development -- Time to Licensure -- PREDICTIONS ON VACCINE CHARACTERISTICS -- Efficacy -- Adverse Reactions -- Production Technology, Delivery Requirements, and Cost per Dose -- Number of Doses and Route of Administration -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCE -- 6 Assessing the Likely Utilization of New Vaccines -- VACCINE AVAILABILITY -- VACCINE UTILIZATION -- Prediction of Utilization in Defined Populations -- Utilization of Vaccines in the Developing World -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 7 Calculation and Comparison of the Health Benefits and Differential Costs Associated with Candidat... -- PROCEDURES -- Vaccine Characteristics -- Target Population -- Vaccine Preventable Illness -- Trends in Disease Burden and Population Numbers -- Adverse Reactions -- The Times for Occurrence of Vaccine-Associated Health Benefits and Cost Savings -- Time to Licensure -- Time to Adoption and Steady-State Yield of Benefits -- Costs -- THE TREATMENT OF VACCINE IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS -- RESULTS -- Health Benefits -- An Illustration of the Process -- Costs -- REFERENCES -- 8 Additional Issues in the Selection of Priorities for Accelerated Vaccine Development -- EQUITY CONSIDERATIONS IN CALCULATING DISEASE BURDENS AND VACCINE BENEFITS -- Age-Related Weights -- Effect of Infant Mortality on Fertility Control -- Lives Versus Cases Versus Days. 327 $aThe Aggregate Nature of the Disease Burden Calculations -- The Portfolio Approach for Ranking Vaccines for Research and Development Support -- INTERDEPENDENCE OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS -- INTERDEPENDENCE OF IMMUNIZATION EFFORTS -- INDUSTRY INTEREST AND ACTIVITY: THE RESPECTIVE ROLES OF THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS -- INTEREST IN OTHER COUNTRIES OR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS -- OTHER DIEASE CHARACTERSTICS RELEVANT TO ESTABLISHING PRIORITIES -- Alternative Disease Control Measures -- Epidemiologic and Clinical Features -- Potential for Disease Eradication -- Interaction with Other Diseases -- FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations -- The Central Analysis -- FINDINGS -- Disease Burden Assumptions -- Target Population and Assumptions on Vaccine Preventable Illness -- Discount Rate -- Alternative Development Scenario: Probability of Success -- Assessing the Effect of Differential Utilization -- CONCLUSIONS -- DISCUSSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCE -- Appendix A Selection of Vaccine Candidates for Accelerated Development -- JUDGING THE FEASIBILITY OF ACCELERATED VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- ACCELERATED VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AND BASIC RESEARCH PRIORITIES -- SELECTING CANDIDATES FOR ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT -- REFERENCE -- Appendix B The Burden of Disease Resulting from Acute Respiratory Illness -- UNCERTAINTY IN THE DISEASE BURDEN ESTIMATES -- REFERENCES -- Appendix C The Burden of Disease Resulting from Diarrhea -- MODIFICATION OF DISEASE BURDENS BY APPLICATION OF CURRENTLY AVAILABLE REMEDIES -- SECOND-ORDER EFFECTS OF DISEASES -- UNCERTAINTY IN THE DISEASE BURDEN ESTIMATES -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D-1 The Prospects for Immunizing Against Dengue Virus -- DISEASE DESCRIPTION -- Limitations of Existing Vaccines -- PATHOGEN DESCRIPTION -- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE -- DISTRIBUTION OF DISEASE. 327 $aGeographic Distribution -- Disease Burden Estimates -- PROBABLE VACCINE TARGET POPULATION -- Vaccine Preventable Illness* -- SUITABILITY FOR VACCINE CONTROL -- Alternative Control Measures and Treatments -- PROSPECTS FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D-2 The Prospects for Immunizing Against Escherichia coli -- DISEASE DESCRIPTION -- PATHOGEN DESCRIPTION -- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE -- DISTRIBUTION OF DISEASE -- Geographic Distribution of Disease -- Disease Burden Estimates -- PROBABLE VACCINE TARGET POPULATION -- Vaccine Preventable Illness* -- SUITABILITY FOR VACCINE CONTROL -- Alternative Control Measures and Treatments -- PROSPECTS FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D-3 The Prospects for Immunizing Against Hemophilus influenzae Type b -- DISEASE DESCRIPTION -- PATHOGEN DESCRIPTION -- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE -- DISTRIBUTION OF DISEASE -- Geographic Distribution -- Disease Burden Estimates -- PROBABLE VACCINE TARGET POPULATION -- Vaccine Preventable Illness* -- SUITABILITY FOR VACCINE CONTROL -- Alternative Control Measures and Treatments -- PROSPECTS FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D-4 The Prospects for Immunizing Against Hepatitis A Virus -- DISEASE DESCRIPTION -- PATHOGEN DESCRIPTION -- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE -- DISTRIBUTION OF DISEASE -- Geographic Distribution -- Disease Burden Estimates -- PROBABLE VACCINE TARGET POPULATION -- Vaccine Preventable Illness* -- SUITABILITY FOR VACCINE CONTROL -- Alternative Control Measures and Treatments -- PROSPECTS FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D-5 The Prospects for Immunizing Against Hepatitis B Virus -- DISEASE DESCRIPTION -- PATHOGEN DESCRIPTION -- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE -- DISTRIBUTION OF DISEASE -- Geographic Distribution -- Disease Burden Estimates -- Acute Hepatitis B -- Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma -- Cirrhosis. 327 $aPROBABLE VACCINE TARGET POPULATION -- Vaccine Preventable Illness* -- SUITABILITY FOR VACCINE CONTROL -- Alternative Control Measures and Treatment -- PROSPECTS FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D-6 The Prospects for Immunizing Against Japanese Encephalitis Virus -- DISEASE DESCRIPTION -- Existing Vaccines and Limitations -- PATHOGEN DESCRIPTION -- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE -- DISTRIBUTION OF DISEASE -- Geographic Distribution -- Disease Burden Estimates -- PROBABLE VACCINE TARGET POPULATION -- Vaccine Preventable Illness* -- SUITABILITY FOR VACCINE CONTROL -- Alternative Control Measures and Treatments -- PROSPECTS FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- Status of Existing Vaccines -- Formalin-Inactivated Mouse Brain Vaccine -- Formalin-Inactivated Cell Culture Vaccine -- Live Attenuated Vaccine -- Potential for New Vaccines -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D-7 The Prospects for Immunizing Against Mycobacterium leprae -- DISEASE DESCRIPTION -- PATHOGEN DESCRIPTION -- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE -- DISTRIBUTION OF DISEASE -- Geographic Distribution -- Disease Burden Estimates -- PROBABLE VACCINE TARGET POPULATION -- Vaccine Preventable Illness* -- SUITABILITY FOR VACCINE CONTROL -- Alternative Control Measures and Treatments -- PROSPECTS FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- Problems to be Overcome -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D-8 The Prospects for Immunizing Against Neisseria meningitidis -- DISEASE DESCRIPTION -- Previous Efforts at Vaccination -- PATHOGEN DESCRIPTION -- HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE -- DISTRIBUTION OF DISEASE -- Geographic Distribution -- Disease Burden Estimates -- Epidemic Meningococcal Meningitis -- Endemic Meningococcal Meningitis -- Uncertainty in the Disease Burden Estimates -- PROBABLE VACCINE TARGET POPULATION -- Vaccine Preventable Illness* -- SUITABILITY FOR VACCINE CONTROL -- Alternative Control Measures and Treatments -- PROSPECTS FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT. 327 $aPotential New Vaccines. 330 $aCommon diseases cost the developing world an enormous amount in terms of human life, health, and productivity, as well as lost economic potential. New and effective vaccines could not only improve the quality of life for millions of residents in developing countries, they could also contribute substantially to further economic development. Using data from the World Health Organization and other international agencies, this book analyzes disease burdens, pathogen descriptions, geographic distribution of diseases, probable vaccine target populations, alternative control measures and treatments, and future prospects for vaccine development. New Vaccine Development provides valuable insight into immunological and international health policy priorities. 606 $aVaccination$zDeveloping countries 606 $aVaccination$zUnited States 606 $aVaccines$xResearch$xGovernment policy 615 0$aVaccination 615 0$aVaccination 615 0$aVaccines$xResearch$xGovernment policy. 676 $a614.4 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910958367603321 996 $aDiseases of importance in developing countries$94356368 997 $aUNINA