LEADER 03995nam 2200637 a 450 001 9910957163403321 005 20251116141026.0 010 $a9780309173049 010 $a0309173043 010 $a9780309516570 010 $a0309516579 035 $a(CKB)110986584752698 035 $a(OCoLC)45730748 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10038567 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000242243 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11218713 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000242243 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10310771 035 $a(PQKB)10372743 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3375297 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3375297 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10038567 035 $a(OCoLC)923254946 035 $a(Perlego)4734273 035 $a(BIP)53857098 035 $a(BIP)7126966 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584752698 100 $a20000729d1999 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 12$aA science strategy for the exploration of Europa /$fCommittee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration, Space Studies Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$dc1999 215 $a1 online resource (80 p.) 225 1 $aThe compass series 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780309064934 311 08$a0309064937 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aFront Matter -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Why Europa? -- 2 Current State of Knowledge About Europa -- 3 Strategy for the Post-Galileo Exploration of Europa -- 4 Earth-based Studies and Technology Development -- 5 Related Issues -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations. 330 $aSince its discovery in 1610, Europa-one of Jupiter's four large moons-has been an object of interest to astronomers and planetary scientists. Much of this interest stems from observations made by NASA's Voyager and Galileo spacecraft and from Earth-based telescopes indicating that Europa's surface is quite young, with very little evidence of cratering, and made principally of water ice. More recently, theoretical models of the jovian system and Europa have suggested that tidal heating may have resulted in the existence of liquid water, and perhaps an ocean, beneath Europa's surface. NASA's ongoing Galileo mission has profoundly expanded our understanding of Europa and the dynamics of the jovian system, and may allow us to constrain theoretical models of Europa's subsurface structure. Meanwhile, since the time of the Voyagers, there has been a revolution in our understanding of the limits of life on Earth. Life has been detected thriving in environments previously thought to be untenable-around hydrothermal vent systems on the seafloor, deep underground in basaltic rocks, and within polar ice. Elsewhere in the solar system, including on Europa, environments thought to be compatible with life as we know it on Earth are now considered possible, or even probable. Spacecraft missions are being planned that may be capable of proving their existence. Against this background, the Space Studies Board charged its Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) to perform a comprehensive study to assess current knowledge about Europa, outline a strategy for future spacecraft missions to Europa, and identify opportunities for complementary Earth-based studies of Europa. (See the preface for a full statement of the charge.) 410 0$aCompass series (Washington, D.C.) 607 $aEuropa (Satellite) 607 $aJupiter (Planet)$xSatellites 607 $aJupiter (Planet)$xExploration 676 $a629.45/5 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910957163403321 996 $aA science strategy for the exploration of Europa$94369074 997 $aUNINA