LEADER 00643nam 2200157z- 450 001 9910712139203321 035 $a(CKB)5470000002490721 035 $a(EXLCZ)995470000002490721 100 $a20230509c1943uuuu -u- - 101 0 $aeng 200 10$aWater levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1941. Part 4, South-central states 210 $cUnited States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey$aWashington, D.C 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910712139203321 996 $aWater levels and artesian pressure in observation wells in the United States, 1941. Part 4, South-central states$93324649 997 $aUNINA LEADER 08288nam 2200805 a 450 001 9910957160603321 005 20251017110103.0 010 $a9786610186006 010 $a9780309173025 010 $a0309173027 010 $a9781280186004 010 $a1280186003 010 $a9780309581103 010 $a0309581109 010 $a9780585076102 010 $a0585076103 035 $a(CKB)110986584752650 035 $a(OCoLC)42855912 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10057059 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000225088 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11202325 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000225088 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10211036 035 $a(PQKB)11681577 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376781 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376781 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10057059 035 $a(OCoLC)817960279 035 $a(Perlego)4735864 035 $a(DNLM)899689 035 $a(BIP)48518535 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584752650 100 $a19990623d1999 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aPotential radiation exposure in military operations $eprotecting the soldier before, during, and after /$fCommittee on Battlefield Radiation Exposure Criteria, Fred A. Mettler, Jr., chairman ; Susan Thaul and Heather O'Maonaigh, editors ; Medical Follow-up Agency, Institute of Medicine 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1999 215 $a1 online resource (159 p.) 225 1 $aCompass series 300 $a"Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command under Contract No. DAMD17-96-C-6095"--T.p. verso. 311 08$a9780309064392 311 08$a0309064392 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 113-118). 327 $aPotential Radiation Exposure in Military Operations -- Copyright -- Reviewers -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Radiation Unit Conversion Chart -- Acronyms -- Contents -- Summary -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND RATIONALE -- RADIATION PHYSICS, RADIATION BIOLOGY, AND RADIATION SAFETY AND PROTECTION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE INTERIM REPORT -- Underlying Philosophy -- Terminology -- Prospective Risk Assessments -- Dosimetry -- Reference Levels for Operational Exposure Guidance -- ETHICAL FRAMEWORK -- Justifying Placing Individuals at Risk of Harm -- Training, Recordkeeping, and Reporting -- COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS -- Balancing Future and Present Harm -- Philosophy of Radiation Protection -- Communicating Risk -- Radiation Dosimetry, Records, and Reporting -- Follow-Up -- 1 Introduction -- BACKGROUND -- REPORT LAYOUT -- ETHICS -- Military Context -- 2 Fundamentals of Radiation Safety and Protection -- RADIATION PHYSICS -- RADIATION UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS -- Radiation Units -- Absorbed Dose -- Equivalent Dose -- Radiation Measurement -- SOURCES OF RADIATION EXPOSURE -- RADIATION DOSE REDUCTION -- RADIATION BIOLOGY -- Deterministic Effects -- Stochastic Effects -- ASSESSMENT OF RADIOGENIC TUMOR RISK -- Risk Factors -- Dose Range Covered by the Guidelines in This Report -- Modification of Risk -- Age -- Sex -- Type of Radiation -- Dose Rate and Magnitude -- Tissue -- Heritable and In Utero Effects -- Interaction with Other Exposures -- How to Apply Risk Factors -- Putting the Risks in Perspective -- 3 Standard Practices in Occupational Radiation Protection -- CONTROL PHILOSOPHY -- RADIATION SAFETY TRAINING FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES -- Requirements of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission -- Risk Communication-An Important Function in Decisions for Radiation Safety -- Training and Radiation Risk Perceptions -- RECORDS AND RECORDKEEPING -- REPORTING. 327 $a4 Current Paradigms for Radiation Protection in the U.S. Army -- OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE -- NON-OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES UP TO 700 MILLISIEVERT -- HIGH-LEVEL EXPOSURES IN NUCLEAR WAR -- SUMMARY OF EXISTING ARMY PROGRAMS -- 5 Army Radiation Protection and Safety Programs in Light of Civilian Standard Practices and Recommendations for Improvement -- REVIEW OF THIS COMMITTEE'S INTERIM REPORT -- Underlying Philosophy of Radiation Protection -- Interim Report Recommendations -- Terminology -- Interim Report Recommendations -- Prospective Risk Assessment -- Interim Report Recommendations -- Definition of a Radiological Area -- Dosimetry Requirements -- Dose Units -- Internal Dose -- Dose Cumulation Times -- Interim Report Recommendations -- Reference Levels for Operational Exposure Guidance -- Interim Report Recommendations -- Recordkeeping -- GUIDANCE ON RADIATION PROTECTION -- Training -- Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements -- Recordkeeping in Military Settings -- 6 Decisionmaking by Commanders -- INFORMATION -- JUSTIFICATION -- OPTIMIZATION -- COMMUNICATION -- 7 Follow-Up of Persons with Known or Suspected Exposure to Ionizing Radiation -- MEDICAL FOLLOW-UP -- Medical Assessment -- Medical Monitoring -- Medical Monitoring for Delayed Deterministic and Stochastic Effects of Radiation -- Effects of Accuracy of Monitoring and Disease Prevalence -- Assessment of the Benefit of Medical Monitoring -- Costs of Medical Monitoring -- Monitoring Sensitive Populations -- Screening for Specific Cancers -- Summary of Medical Monitoring Considerations -- Medical Testing -- Medical Care -- Medical Care for Early and Delayed Deterministic Effects -- Medical Care for Stochastic Effects -- Ethical and Legal Considerations: Follow-Up Programs -- EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP -- Description and Rationale -- Issues of Study Design. 327 $aChoice of Population and Outcome to be Studied -- Data Sources and Quality -- Military and Radiation-Specific Study Design Issues -- Ethical Issues -- Examples of Epidemiologic Studies of Military Exposures -- PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT -- 8 Recommendations -- BALANCING FUTURE AND PRESENT HARM -- PHILOSOPHY OF RADIATION PROTECTION -- COMMUNICATING RISK -- RADIATION DOSIMETRY, RECORDS, AND REPORTING -- FOLLOW-UP -- References -- Appendix A The ACE Directive -- Appendix B Participants in Committee Meetings and Workshop -- Appendix C Biographical Summaries -- COMMITTEE MEMBERS -- STAFF. 330 $aIn 1996, NATO issued guidance for the exposure of military personnel to radiation doses different from occupational dose levels, but not high enough to cause acute health effects-and in doing so set policy in a new arena. Scientific and technological developments now permit small groups or individuals to use, or threaten to use, destructive devices (nuclear, biological, chemical, and cyber-based weaponry, among others) targeted anywhere in the world. Political developments, such as the loss of political balance once afforded by competing superpowers, have increased the focus on regional and subregional disputes. What doctrine should guide decisionmaking regarding the potential exposure of troops to radiation in this changed theater of military operations? In 1995, the Office of the U.S. Army Surgeon General asked the Medical Follow-up Agency of the Institute of Medicine to provide advice. This report is the final product of the Committee on Battlefield Radiation Exposure Criteria convened for that purpose. In its 1997 interim report, Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations, the committee addressed the technical aspects of the NATO directive. In this final report, the committee reiterates that discussion and places it in an ethical context. 410 0$aCompass series (Washington, D.C.) 606 $aIonizing radiation$xDosage 606 $aRadiation$xSafety measures 606 $aSoldiers$xHealth and hygiene 615 0$aIonizing radiation$xDosage. 615 0$aRadiation$xSafety measures. 615 0$aSoldiers$xHealth and hygiene. 676 $a616.9/89705 701 $aMettler$b Fred A.$f1945-$0307821 701 $aThaul$b Susan$01806764 701 $aO'Maonaigh$b Heather$01806251 712 02$aInstitute of Medicine (U.S.).$bCommittee on Battlefield Radiation Exposure Criteria. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910957160603321 996 $aPotential radiation exposure in military operations$94363865 997 $aUNINA