LEADER 05217oam 22013214 450 001 9910955023403321 005 20250426110632.0 010 $a9786613824875 010 $a9781462317530 010 $a1462317537 010 $a9781452793542 010 $a1452793549 010 $a9781283512428 010 $a1283512424 010 $a9781451908206 010 $a1451908202 035 $a(CKB)3360000000443480 035 $a(EBL)3014416 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000941477 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11577295 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000941477 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10964263 035 $a(PQKB)10938836 035 $a(OCoLC)698585714 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2006024 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3014416 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2006024 035 $aWPIEA2006024 035 $a(EXLCZ)993360000000443480 100 $a20020129d2006 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aImplications of Quasi-Fiscal Activities in Ghana /$fMali Chivakul, Robert York 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2006. 215 $a1 online resource (47 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $a"January 2006." 311 08$a9781451862843 311 08$a1451862849 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $a""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. FISCAL DEVELOPMENTS IN PERSPECTIVE""; ""III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR QUANTIFYING QUASI-FISCAL ACTIVITIES""; ""IV. THE SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF QUASI-FISCAL ACTIVITIES""; ""V. QUASI- FISCAL ACTIVITIES AND THE FISCAL POSITION""; ""VI. POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""Appendix I Alternative Approaches to Estimating Quasi-Fiscal Activities""; ""Appendix II Assumptions Underlying the Public Sector Debt Sustainability Analysis""; ""APPENDIX TABLES"" 330 3 $aThis paper assesses the scope and coverage of quasi-fiscal activities (QFAs) in Ghana. We find that while QFAs have been reduced recently, they remain significant. The extensive nature of these activities has several macroeconomic and structural policy implications. An extended measure of public sector operations, including QFAs, presents a clearer picture of Ghana's fiscal stance and fiscal adjustment from one for the central government alone; QFAs have led to serious distortions in energy and water consumption; and they have distorted the investment decisions of both public enterprises and the private sector. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2006/024 606 $aFiscal policy$zGhana 606 $aFinance, Public$zGhana 606 $aGovernment business enterprises$zGhana 606 $aBanking$2imf 606 $aBanks and Banking$2imf 606 $aBanks and banking$2imf 606 $aBanks$2imf 606 $aCentral Banks and Their Policies$2imf 606 $aCivil service & public sector$2imf 606 $aContingent liabilities$2imf 606 $aDepository Institutions$2imf 606 $aFinance, Public$2imf 606 $aFiscal policy$2imf 606 $aGovernment business enterprises$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aMicro Finance Institutions$2imf 606 $aMortgages$2imf 606 $aNationalization$2imf 606 $aNonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General$2imf 606 $aPublic Administration$2imf 606 $aPublic Enterprises$2imf 606 $aPublic enterprises$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aPublic ownership$2imf 606 $aPublic Sector Accounting and Audits$2imf 606 $aPublic sector$2imf 606 $aPublic-Private Enterprises$2imf 606 $aQuasi-fiscal operations$2imf 607 $aGhana$2imf 615 0$aFiscal policy 615 0$aFinance, Public 615 0$aGovernment business enterprises 615 7$aBanking 615 7$aBanks and Banking 615 7$aBanks and banking 615 7$aBanks 615 7$aCentral Banks and Their Policies 615 7$aCivil service & public sector 615 7$aContingent liabilities 615 7$aDepository Institutions 615 7$aFinance, Public 615 7$aFiscal policy 615 7$aGovernment business enterprises 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aMicro Finance Institutions 615 7$aMortgages 615 7$aNationalization 615 7$aNonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General 615 7$aPublic Administration 615 7$aPublic Enterprises 615 7$aPublic enterprises 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aPublic ownership 615 7$aPublic Sector Accounting and Audits 615 7$aPublic sector 615 7$aPublic-Private Enterprises 615 7$aQuasi-fiscal operations 700 $aChivakul$b Mali$01815685 701 $aYork$b Robert$01092056 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910955023403321 996 $aImplications of Quasi-Fiscal Activities in Ghana$94371150 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02803oam 2200445zu 450 001 9911019654403321 005 20251116140939.0 010 $a0-471-67865-1 024 7 $a10.1002/anie.200485277 035 $a(CKB)3710000000252411 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001551359 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16167603 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001551359 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)14811654 035 $a(PQKB)11701706 035 $a(NjHacI)993710000000252411 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000252411 100 $a20160829d2004 uy 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aCarbocation Chemistry 210 31$a[Place of publication not identified]$cWiley Interscience Imprint$d2004 215 $a1 online resource (ix, 393 pages) $cillustrations (some color) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a0-471-28490-4 327 $aHistorical perspective / Peter J. Stang -- 100 years of carbocations and their significance in chemistry / George A. Olah -- Zwitterionic "Neutral" and "Anionic" carbocation analogs / Chaitanya S. Wannere, Zhongfang Chen, and Paul von Rague Schleyer -- Recent studies of long-lived carbocations and carbodications / G.K. Surya Prakash and V. Prakash Reddy -- Antiaromaticity effects in cyclopentadienyl carbocations and free radicals / Annette D. Allen and Thomas T. Tidwell -- Long-lived carbocations in cold Siberia / Vyacheslav G. Shubin and Gennady I. Borodkin -- Polyfluorinated carbocations / Vitalij D. Shteingarts -- Carbocations, fast rearrangement reactions, and the isotopic perturbation method / Martin Saunders and Olga Kronja -- Stable ion chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) / Kenneth K. Laali -- Chromium tricarbonyl-coordinated carbocations / Bruce N. Hietbrink [and others] -- Carbocations in gold chemistry / Hubert Schmidbaur and Keith A. Porter -- Proton exchange between strong acids and alkanes / Jean Sommer and Alain Goeppert -- Electrophilicity scales for carbocations / Herbert Mayr and Armin R. Ofial -- Organic synthesis in superacids / Jean-Claude Jacquesy. 330 $a"The study of carbocation chemistry has become one of the most fascinating and fruitful areas in organic chemistry. Carbocation Chemistry assembles the most current information on this wide-ranging topic, and is a reference for academics and practitioners around the world - and across the scientific spectrum."--Jacket. 606 $aCarbocations 615 0$aCarbocations. 676 $a547/.1372 702 $aPrakash$b G. K. Surya 702 $aOlah$b George A$g(George Andrew),$f1927-2017, 801 0$bPQKB 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9911019654403321 996 $aCarbocation Chemistry$94418858 997 $aUNINA