LEADER 05803oam 22007815 450 001 9910954853803321 005 20240405141048.0 010 $a9781464803918 010 $a1464803919 024 7 $a10.1596/978-1-4648-0390-1 035 $a(CKB)2670000000582982 035 $a(EBL)1884079 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001380918 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12507737 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001380918 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11371356 035 $a(PQKB)10697708 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1884079 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1884079 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10991663 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL673988 035 $a(OCoLC)897814741 035 $a(The World Bank)18266978 035 $a(US-djbf)18266978 035 $a(Perlego)1483531 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000582982 100 $a20140814d2014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cn$2rdamedia 183 $anc$2rdacarrier 200 00$aBeyond contributory pensions $efourteen experiences with coverage expansion in Latin America /$fRafael P. Rofman, Ignacio Apella, and Evelyn Vezza, editors 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, DC :$cWorld Bank,$d[2014] 215 $a1 online resource (pages cm) 225 0 $aDirections in development 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9781464803901 311 08$a1464803900 311 08$a9781322427065 311 08$a1322427062 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters. 327 $aFront Cover; Contents; Preface; Abbreviations; Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview; Expanding Income Protection for the Elderly in Latin America; Figure 1.1 Timeline of Reforms Aimed at Expanding Coverage for the Elderly, Selected Countries, 2000-14; Figures; Rationale; Analytical Framework; The Demographic Context in Latin America; Figure 1.2 Median Age and Dependency Ratio of the Elderly, Latin America, 1950-2100; Figure 1.3 Dependency Ratio of the Elderly, Selected Countries, 2010 and 2100; History of Social Protection Systems in the Region 327 $aFigure 1.4 Activity Ratios for Adults from 55 to 75 Years Old and Women from 20 to 60 Years Old, Latin America, 1980-2050Figure 1.5 Implied Pension Obligations, Selected Countries, 2000-50; The Coverage Problem; Figure 1.6 Economically Active Population That Contributes to the Social Protection System, Selected Countries, 1990, 2000, and 2010; Figure 1.7 Coverage of the Older Adult Population, Selected Countries, 1990, 2000, and 2010; Figure 1.8 Older Adult Pension Coverage, by Income Quintile, around 2010; Procoverage Reforms: Why Now? 327 $aFigure 1.9 Extreme Poverty Rate for Adults over 65, with and without Pension Income, Selected Countries, around 2006Box 1.1 Social Pensions in the Rest of the World; Boxes; Figure B1.1.1 Typology of Social Pension Programs in OECD Countries, 2007; Toward a Taxonomy of the Noncontributory Reforms in Latin America; Tables; Table 1.1 Initial Conditions before Inclusive Reforms; Figure 1.10 Coverage of New Social Protection Systems, 2012; Table 1.2 Coverage Expansion Programs, Design Characteristics; Different Needs and Financial Sacrifices 327 $aFigure 1.11 Average Benefit of New Social Protection Systems, 2012Figure 1.12 Form of Selecting Beneficiaries and the Noncontributory Benefit; Figure 1.13 Noncontributory Benefit Relative to the Contributory Benefit and the Poverty Line; Figure 1.14 Spending on New Social Protection Systems as a Percentage of GDP and of Spending on Contributory Pensions, 2012; Figure 1.15 Relationship between Coverage Increase and Financial Commitment, 2012; Conclusion: Policy Options, Challenges, Preconditions, and Prospects for Income Protection Systems for Older Adults; Annex 1A Coverage Expansion Programs 327 $aTable 1A.1 Coverage Expansion Programs, Performance Indicators, 2012Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 2 Argentina; Background; Figure 2.1 Population Older than 65 Years, Argentina and Latin America, 1950-2100; Figure 2.2 Distribution of Contribution Density, 1994-2001; Figure 2.3 Pension System Coverage for the Economically Active and Employed Population, 1992-2010; Figure 2.4 Population over Age 65 Receiving a Social Security Benefit, 1992-2011; Figure 2.5 Population over Age 65 Receiving a Social Security Benefit, by Gender, 1992-2011 327 $aFigure 2.6 Population over Age 65 Receiving a Welfare Benefit, by Income Quintile, 1992-2011 330 $aLatin America's population is aging, and many among the growing elderly population are not protected by traditional pension schemes. In response, policy makers have been reevaluating their income protection systems so that between 2000 and 2013, the majority of Latin American countries reformed their social pension schemes to provide near-universal coverage for the elderly. Before this unprecedented wave of reform, most income protection in Latin America was provided through contributory pensions available only to formal sector workers. Considering that informal and unpaid employment character 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aOld age pensions$xGovernment policy$zLatin America 606 $aPensions$xGovernment policy$zLatin America 606 $aSocial security$zLatin America 615 0$aOld age pensions$xGovernment policy 615 0$aPensions$xGovernment policy 615 0$aSocial security 676 $a331.25/2098 702 $aRofman$b Rafael P. 702 $aApella$b Ignacio 702 $aVezza$b Evelyn 712 02$aWorld Bank. 801 0$bDLC 801 1$bDLC 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910954853803321 996 $aBeyond contributory pensions$94369102 997 $aUNINA