LEADER 08010nam 2200793Ia 450 001 9910953718903321 005 20251117115720.0 010 $a1-280-08560-6 010 $a9786610085606 010 $a1-4175-3738-8 024 7 $a10.1596/0-8213-5857-X 035 $a(CKB)111098478195408 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000089133 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11127027 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000089133 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10088856 035 $a(PQKB)10167884 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3050721 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3050721 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10064342 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL8560 035 $a(OCoLC)56360571 035 $a(The World Bank)2004057146 035 $a(US-djbf)13682449 035 $a(BIP)46122795 035 $a(BIP)10741725 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111098478195408 100 $a20040810d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aReaching out to Africa's orphans $ea framework for public action /$fKalanidhi Subbarao, Diane Coury 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, DC $cWorld Bank$d2004 215 $axvi, 164 pages $cillustrations ;$d23 cm 225 1 $aAfrica Region human development series 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a0-8213-5857-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Reader's Guide and Executive Summary -- 1 Orphans and Vulnerable Children: An Introduction -- Defining and Identifying Vulnerable Children -- Risk and Vulnerability -- This Study: A Focus on Orphans -- Notes -- 2 Understanding Orphans' Risks and Needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Demand Side -- Economic and Social Risks and Vulnerabilities -- Psychological Risks and Associated Vulnerabilities -- What Are the Specific Needs of Orphans? -- Notes -- 3 The Supply Side: Caregivers and Their Strengths and Weaknesses -- Household-Based Care -- Institutional Care -- Care of Orphans: Assessing Community Capacity and Responses -- Notes -- 4 Interventions and Public Action to Strengthen Community Action -- Addressing the Needs of OVC Living in Family-Like Settings -- Addressing the Needs of OVC Living in Institutionalized Settings -- Desirable Interventions to Support OVC and Their Families -- Notes -- 5 Interventions and Costs: What Do We Know? -- Methodological Considerations -- Scale of the Intervention -- Program Costs -- Cost-Effectiveness and Quality of Care -- Ranking of Interventions -- Notes -- 6 Issues in Scaling Up Interventions -- Assessing the Current Situation -- The Financial Cost of Scaling Up a Public Intervention: Illustrative Exercise -- Who Should Receive Public Support? Issues in Targeting Public Interventions -- Coordinate Donor, Government, and NGO Efforts-Critical -- Conclusions -- Notes -- 7 Monitoring and Evaluation -- Implementing a Monitoring and Evaluation System -- The Monitoring Process -- Evaluating Programs -- Notes -- Appendixes -- A World Bank Interventions Directed at Orphans -- B Tables -- C The Human Rights Approach -- D Assessing the Coping Capacity of Households: A Practical Example of How to Compute the Score -- E Principles for Guiding OVC Interventions. 327 $aF How Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) Can Help Mitigate the Adverse Impacts of HIV/AIDS -- G Checklist for Conducting a Comprehensive Assessment of the OVC Situation in a Country -- H SMART Indicators -- I Internet Resources -- References -- Index -- Tables -- 1.1 Examples of Risks to Children, by Category -- 2.1 Potential Impacts of AIDS on Families, Children, and Communities -- 2.2 Summary of Common Trauma Reactions by Age: War-Affected Children, Refugee Camps, Cambodia, 1990 -- 2.3 Children's Risks/Vulnerabilities and Needs -- 2.4 Risks Faced by Orphans, by Age Group -- 3.1 Who Is Caring for Orphans: Uganda, Zambia, and Tanzania -- 3.2 Indicators and Information Sources to Help Assess Weakening or Saturation of Extended Family Safety Net within a Community -- 3.3 Capacity to Cope at the Household Level -- 3.4 Propensity of Caregivers to Meet Orphans' Needs -- 4.1 Ways to "Prevent" Orphans -- 4.2 Responses Developed by Stakeholders to Meet Needs of OVC Living in Family-Like Settings -- 4.3 Interventions to Improve the Financial Situation of Families Fostering Orphans and Vulnerable Children -- 4.4 Risks Faced by OVC and Interventions to Help Families Meet OVC's Basic Needs -- 5.1 Cost of Interventions -- 5.2 Cost-Effectiveness of Models of Care in South Africa -- 6.1 "Needy Groups" by Setting: Malawi, Burundi, and World Vision -- 6.2 Alternative Approaches to Targeting Transfers: Advantages and Drawbacks -- Figures -- 1.1. Number and Proportion of Orphans Up to Age 14 in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-2010 -- 1.2. HIV/AIDS Prevalence and Incidence of Orphans in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2001 -- 2.1 Impacts of Parental Loss on Orphans, Sub-Saharan Africa -- 2.2 School Enrollment Rates by Orphan Status and Age, Rwanda -- 2.3 Work Burden on Orphans and Nonorphans by Gender, Rwanda -- 3.1. Ranking of Living Arrangements for Orphans. 327 $a5.1. Ranking of Living Arrangements for Orphans According to Their Cost-Effectiveness -- Boxes -- 4.1 Examples of Psychological Support Offered to Children Affected by HIV/AIDS in Tanzania and Zimbabwe -- 6.1 The Experiences of FOCUS, COPE, and World Vision. 330 $aHIV/AIDS is generating a major humanitarian crisis for families in Sub-Saharan Africa. The number of children who have lost one or both parents to AIDS is expected to rise to 35 million by 2010. Rolling back decades of progress in social development, HIV/AIDS has become a major constraint in the fight against poverty. Many African countries are also suffering from civil unrest and post-conflict situations resulting in more orphans and/or displaced children. Reaching Out to Africa's Orphans makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of the many risks and vulnerabilities faced by orphans and the ameliorating role played by the actions of governments and donors. It brings together the admittedly limited evidence from interventions on behalf of orphans with a view to advancing our knowledge on what works and what does not in mitigating the risks faced by orphans and enhancing capacities of communities to address this problem.; Juxtaposing the risks and needs of orphans against the effectiveness (including cost-effectiveness) of care-giving arrangements, the study addresses issues bearing on how to scale up the more promising of interventions. The authors draw several important conclusions on the strengths and weaknesses of various programs, targeting methods and their implications, and in particular highlight the gaps in our knowledge with respect to the cost-effectiveness of interventions and the potential incentive effects of orphan care. Considering that resources are limited and the problem is immense, the study rightly underscores the need for coordination of efforts among all agencies seeking to respond to the crisis. 410 0$aAfrica Region human development series. 606 $aOrphans$zAfrica 606 $aChildren of AIDS patients$zAfrica 606 $aOrphans$xCare$zAfrica 606 $aOrphans$xServices for$zAfrica 606 $aChild welfare$zAfrica 606 $aAIDS (Disease)$xSocial aspects$zAfrica 615 0$aOrphans 615 0$aChildren of AIDS patients 615 0$aOrphans$xCare 615 0$aOrphans$xServices for 615 0$aChild welfare 615 0$aAIDS (Disease)$xSocial aspects 676 $a362.73/096 700 $aSubbarao$b K$01083042 701 $aCoury$b Diane$f1972-$01866783 712 02$aWorld Bank. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910953718903321 996 $aReaching out to Africa's orphans$94474237 997 $aUNINA