LEADER 04797nam 22007094a 450 001 9910953552503321 005 20251116160944.0 010 $a9786610184712 010 $a9780309170819 010 $a0309170818 010 $a9781280184710 010 $a128018471X 010 $a9780309512237 010 $a0309512239 035 $a(CKB)111069351122144 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000203398 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11168527 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000203398 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10260064 035 $a(PQKB)10082267 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3375193 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3375193 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10032383 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL18471 035 $a(OCoLC)697721639 035 $a(Perlego)4733760 035 $a(BIP)13425489 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111069351122144 100 $a20020402d2002 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aMinority students in special and gifted education /$fCommittee on Minority Representation in Special Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council ; M. Suzanne Donovan and Christopher T. Cross, editors 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$dc2002 215 $axii, 484 p. $cill 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780309103671 311 08$a0309103673 311 08$a9780309074391 311 08$a0309074398 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 386-462) and index. 327 $aFront Matter -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- Part I Setting the Stage -- 1 The Context of Special and Gifted Education -- 2 Representation of Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education -- Part II Pregnancy to Preschool: Early Influences on Cognition and Behavior -- 3 Influences on Cognitive and Behavioral Development -- 4 Early Intervention Programs -- Part III From General to Specialized Education: Why and How Students Are Placed -- 5 The General Education Context -- 6 The Legal Context and the Referral Process -- 7 Assessment Practices, Definitions, and Classification Criteria -- 8 Alternative Approaches to Assessment -- Part IV Improving Outcomes -- 9 Weighing the Benefits of Placement -- 10 Recommendations -- References -- Biographical Sketches -- Index. 330 $aSpecial education and gifted and talented programs were designed for children whose educational needs are not well met in regular classrooms. From their inceptions, these programs have had disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic minority students. What causes this disproportion? Is it a problem? Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education considers possible contributors to that disparity, including early biological and environmental influences and inequities in opportunities for preschool and K-12 education, as well as the possibilities of bias in the referral and assessment system that leads to placement in special programs. It examines the data on early childhood experience, on differences in educational opportunity, and on referral and placement. The book also considers whether disproportionate representation should be considered a problem. Do special education programs provide valuable educational services, or do they set students off on a path of lower educational expectations? Would students not now placed in gifted and talented programs benefit from raised expectations, more rigorous classes, and the gifted label, or would they suffer failure in classes for which they are unprepared? By examining this important problem in U.S. education and making recommendations for early intervention and general education, as well as for changes in referral and assessment processes, Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education will be an indispensable resource to educators throughout the nation, as well as to policy makers at all levels, from schools and school districts to the state and federal governments. 606 $aSpecial education$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aMinorities$xEducation$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aEducational equalization$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 615 0$aSpecial education$xGovernment policy 615 0$aMinorities$xEducation$xGovernment policy 615 0$aEducational equalization$xGovernment policy 676 $a371.9/0973 701 $aDonovan$b Suzanne$01803602 701 $aCross$b Christopher T$01809760 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910953552503321 996 $aMinority students in special and gifted education$94360703 997 $aUNINA