LEADER 06221nam 2200745Ia 450 001 9910778616803321 005 20230422035908.0 010 $a1-280-18577-5 010 $a9786610185771 010 $a0-309-59364-6 010 $a0-585-21166-3 035 $a(CKB)110986584753544 035 $a(EBL)3376360 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000101597 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11124538 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000101597 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10042606 035 $a(PQKB)11651816 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376360 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376360 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10055519 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL18577 035 $a(OCoLC)923263190 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584753544 100 $a20000118d1999 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aAlternative high-level waste treatments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory$b[electronic resource] /$fCommittee on Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), High-Level Waste Alternative Treatments, Board of Radioactive Waste Management, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, National Research Council 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$dc1999 215 $a1 online resource (200 p.) 300 $a"This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Contract Nos. DE-FC01-94EW5904"--T.p. verso. 300 $aAppendices C-D contain biographical sketches of the committee members and the technical experts. 311 $a0-309-06628-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 121-140) and seven appendices. 327 $a""Alternative High-Level Waste Treatments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory""; ""Copyright""; ""Executive Summary""; ""INCOMPLETE CHARACTERIZATION DATA""; ""ADDITIONAL TESTING NEEDS""; ""ESTABLISHMENT OF DEFINITIVE WASTE FORM SPECIFICATIONS""; ""DISPOSAL UNCERTAINTIES""; ""SELECTION OF A TREATMENT OPTION""; ""RECOMMENDATION ON HLW CALCINE""; ""RECOMMENDATION ON SBW""; ""CLOSURE SPECIFICATIONS""; ""RISK ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVE""; ""Preface""; ""Acknowledgements""; ""Contents""; ""1 Introduction""; ""WASTE GENERATED FROM PAST REPROCESSING PRACTICES"" 327 $a""SOLID WASTE IN BINS""""LIQUID WASTE IN TANKS""; ""OTHER HLW: SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL INVENTORIES""; ""OTHER INVENTORIES OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE""; ""FUTURE PLANS AND CONTEXT FOR THIS STUDY""; ""PROCESS OPTIONS""; ""ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT""; ""2 Calcine Characterization, Retrieval, and Dissolution""; ""CALCINE CHARACTERIZATION""; ""RETRIEVAL, HANDLING, AND BLENDING OF CALCINE FROM BINS""; ""Retrieval Operations""; ""Calcine Handling and Blending""; ""CALCINE DISSOLUTION""; ""Characteristics of UDS""; ""Derivation of Dissolution Specifications""; ""ADEQUACY OF EXISTING INFORMATION"" 327 $a""CRITICAL TESTING NEEDS""""3 Physical and Chemical Separations""; ""THE SEPARATIONS APPROACH""; ""SOLID-LIQUID SEPARATIONS""; ""Current Status""; ""CESIUM ION EXCHANGE SEPARATION""; ""Experimental Basis""; ""Current Status""; ""STRONTIUM SEPARATION""; ""Adequacy of Existing Information""; ""Critical Testing Needs""; ""Alternatives""; ""TRUEX SEPARATIONS PROCESS""; ""Technical Problems""; ""Current Laboratory Experimentation""; ""Questionable Experimental Process Modifications""; ""Required Technical Demonstration of Proposed Process"" 327 $a""SEPARATIONS PROCESSING CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMBINATION OF INDIVIDUAL STEPS""""SUMMARY""; ""4 Treatment of Sodium-Bearing Liquid Waste""; ""PRESENT STATUS AND PROGRAM PLANS""; ""PROCESSING METHODS""; ""REPOSITORY AND TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR NON-HLW""; ""Other Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management Plans for Disposal of Low-Level TRU Waste in WIPP or NTS""; ""5 Vitrification""; ""NONSEPARATION OPTION""; ""Waste Compositions and Characteristics""; ""Zirconia-Based Calcine""; ""Alumina-Based Calcine""; ""SBW to be Calcined or Directly Immobilized"" 327 $a""Mixtures of Alumina Calcine and SBW""""Vitrification Facility and Processing""; ""SEPARATION OPTION""; ""Waste Compositions and Characteristics""; ""Vitrification Facility and Processing""; ""POTENTIAL PROBLEMS""; ""Blending to Achieve Uniform Waste Composition""; ""Waste Loading in Borosilicate Glass""; ""High Phosphate Content""; ""Zirconia-Related Problems""; ""Tolerance of Glass to the Content of Calcium Fluoride""; ""Testing Needs""; ""6 Cementation""; ""PROCESS DESCRIPTIONS""; ""Direct Cementation: Mixed HLW Hydroceramic with Feed of Clay, Slag, Soda, and Water"" 327 $a""Direct Cementation: Mixed HLW Hydroceramic with Feed of Sucrose, Clay, NaOH, and Water"" 606 $aRadioactive wastes$xHeat treatment$zIdaho$zIdaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Region 606 $aRadioactive waste disposal$xRisk assessment$zIdaho$zIdaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Region 606 $aRadioactive wastes$xManagement$xEnvironmental aspects$zIdaho$zIdaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Region 606 $aRadioactive wastes$xGovernment policy$xEnvironmental aspects$zIdaho$zIdaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Region 606 $aNuclear facilities$xEnvironmental aspects$zIdaho 606 $aHazardous waste site remediation$zIdaho 606 $aHazardous waste treatment facilities$xEnvironmental aspects$zIdaho 615 0$aRadioactive wastes$xHeat treatment 615 0$aRadioactive waste disposal$xRisk assessment 615 0$aRadioactive wastes$xManagement$xEnvironmental aspects 615 0$aRadioactive wastes$xGovernment policy$xEnvironmental aspects 615 0$aNuclear facilities$xEnvironmental aspects 615 0$aHazardous waste site remediation 615 0$aHazardous waste treatment facilities$xEnvironmental aspects 676 $a621.4838 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910778616803321 996 $aAlternative high-level waste treatments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory$93769006 997 $aUNINA LEADER 00785cam0-22003011i-450 001 9910910599903321 005 20241203151430.0 035 $a000597344 035 $aFED01000597344 035 $a(Aleph)000597344FED01 100 $a20000112d1969----km-y0itay50------ba 101 0 $aita 102 $aIT 105 $ay---n---001yy 200 1 $aCodice della navigazione$fa cura di M. 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