LEADER 09630nam 2200505 450 001 996499863703316 005 20230319154706.0 010 $a9783031112621$b(electronic bk.) 010 $z9783031112614 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7133444 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7133444 035 $a(CKB)25299351100041 035 $a(PPN)266355153 035 $a(EXLCZ)9925299351100041 100 $a20230319d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aDynamics of compressible fluids $ea textbook /$fOleksandr Girin 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cSpringer,$d[2022] 210 4$d©2022 215 $a1 online resource (316 pages) 311 08$aPrint version: Girin, Oleksandr Dynamics of Compressible Fluids Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 9783031112614 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- Introduction -- 1. Scope of the Dynamics of Compressible Fluids -- 2. The Subject Matter of Dynamics of Compressible Fluids -- 1 General Equations of Gas Motion -- 1.1 The Thermodynamic Model of a Perfect Gas -- Adiabatic Formulae -- 1.1.1 Internal State of a Gas Particle -- Thermodynamic Variables -- 1.1.2 Perfect Gas Model -- Polytropic Gas -- 1.1.3 Adiabatic Formulae -- 1.2 Governing Equations of Gas Motion -- Mathematical Model ? -- 1.3 Speed of Propagation of Small Disturbances in Ideal Gas -- Sound Speed -- 1.4 Thermodynamics of a Moving Gas -- 1.4.1 Bernoulli-Saint-Venant Equation -- Enthalpy -- 1.4.2 Stagnation Gas State -- Isentropic Formulae -- 1.4.3 Laval's Number -- Other Characteristic States of a Moving Gas -- References -- 2 Continuous Flows -- 2.1 Equations of One-Dimensional Steady Gas Flow -- Rule of a Stream Reversal -- 2.2 Gas Outflow from Reservoir -- Saint-Venant-Vantzel Formula -- 2.3 Supersonic Outflow Mode -- Laval's Nozzle -- References -- 3 Discontinuity in a Gas Flow -- 3.1 Conservation Laws at a Strong Discontinuity Surface -- 3.2 Classification of Strong Discontinuities -- Shocks -- 3.3 Normal Shock Theory -- 3.4 Normal Shock Regularities -- 3.4.1 Velocity Jump -- 3.4.2 Pressure Jump -- 3.4.3 Density Jump -- 3.4.4 Entropy Jump -- 3.5 Shock Adiabatic Curve and Its Properties -- 3.5.1 Equation of Shock Adiabatic Curve -- 3.5.2 ``Asterisk'' Property -- 3.5.3 Limiting Degree of Gas Compression in Shock Waves -- 3.5.4 Approximation of Strong Shocks -- 3.5.5 Approximation of Weak Shocks -- References -- 4 Governing Equations and Initial-Boundary-Value Problems -- 4.1 Geometry of One-Dimensional Flows -- 4.2 Equations of Motion in Euler's Form -- Initial and Boundary Conditions -- 4.2.1 Euler's Equations of Motion -- 4.2.2 Initial Conditions -- 4.2.3 Boundary Conditions. 327 $a4.3 Equations of Motion in Lagrange's Form -- 4.4 Equations of Motion in Characteristic Form -- the Characteristic ? -- 4.5 The Method of Characteristics -- 4.6 Generalized Cauchy Problem (Type I Problem) ? -- 4.7 The Goursat Problem (Type II Problem) -- 4.8 Combined Problem of a Special Type (Type III Problem) -- 4.9 Characteristics as Trajectories of a Possible Weak Discontinuity of a Solution -- 4.9.1 Relationships Along the Weak Discontinuity Trajectory -- 4.9.2 Breakup of Arbitrary Weak Discontinuity -- References -- 5 Isentropic Gas Flows with Plane Waves -- 5.1 Riemann Method -- 5.1.1 Riemann Invariants -- 5.1.2 Riemann Variables -- Riemann Method -- 5.1.3 The Euler-Poisson Equation -- 5.1.4 The Remarkable Case ?= 3 -- 5.2 The Riemann Waves -- 5.2.1 Simple Waves -- 5.2.2 Adjoining Theorem -- 5.2.3 Simple Wave Equations -- 5.2.4 Properties of Simple Waves -- 5.3 Gradient Catastrophe -- 5.4 The Piston Problem -- 5.4.1 Case When the Piston Is Pulled Out from Gas -- 5.4.2 Case of Piston Moving with Constant Velocity -- 5.4.3 Gas Outflow into the Vacuum -- 5.4.4 Piston Moves into Gas -- Shock Wave Induction Time -- 5.5 Interaction of Simple Wave with a Contact Surface ? -- 5.5.1 Analysis of the Flow Structure -- 5.5.2 Qualitative Analysis of the Interaction -- 5.5.3 The Limit Cases -- References -- 6 Methods of Wave Interaction Analysis -- 6.1 Method of (u, p)-Diagrams -- 6.1.1 ( u,p ) -Diagrams of Simple Waves -- 6.1.2 ( u,p ) -Diagrams of Shock Waves -- 6.2 Breakup of Arbitrary Strong Discontinuity (Riemann's Problem) -- 6.2.1 The Problem Formulation -- 6.2.2 Lemma About the Disturbances -- 6.2.3 Existence and Uniqueness of the Solution -- 6.2.4 Acoustic Approximation -- References -- 7 Shock-Wave Flows -- 7.1 Shock Tube Performance -- 7.1.1 The Device Description -- 7.1.2 The Problem Formulation -- 7.1.3 Shock Tube Solution. 327 $a7.2 Piston Moving with a Constant Velocity -- 7.2.1 Piston Moves into the Gas -- 7.2.2 Piston Moves Out from the Gas -- 7.3 Shock Wave Reflection from Rigid Wall -- Amplification Factor -- 7.3.1 The Problem Formulation -- 7.3.2 The Problem Solution -- 7.3.3 Shock Wave Percussive Ability -- 7.4 Interaction of Shock Wave with Contact Surface -- 7.4.1 The Problem Formulation -- 7.4.2 Qualitative Analysis of the Flow -- 7.5 Interaction of Two Shock Waves -- 7.5.1 The Problem Formulation -- 7.5.2 Qualitative Analysis -- 7.6 Interaction of Shock Wave with Simple Wave -- Entropy Trace -- 7.6.1 The Problem Formulation -- 7.6.2 Qualitative Analysis of the Flow -- 7.7 The Problem of the Internal Ballistics (Lagrange's Problem) -- 7.7.1 The Main Assumptions -- 7.7.2 The Problem Formulation -- 7.7.3 Solution in the Domain of Simple Wave -- 7.8 Strong Point Blast in Gas -- 7.8.1 Explosion Phenomenon -- 7.8.2 The Problem Formulation -- 7.8.3 Self-similarity of the Solution -- 7.8.4 Regularities of Gas Motion at Strong Point Blast -- 7.9 Long-Range Asymptotic Behavior of Shock Waves -- References -- 8 Steady Plane Irrotational Flows -- 8.1 Theory of an Oblique Shock -- 8.1.1 Interaction of Supersonic Flow with a Wedge -- Velocity Triangle -- 8.1.2 The Properties of Shock Polar -- 8.1.3 Oblique Reflection of a Plane Shock from a Rigid Wall -- 8.2 Equations of Steady Plane Irrotational Gas Motion -- 8.2.1 Equations and Methods -- 8.2.2 The Characteristics of Equations of Plane Irrotational Steady Flow -- 8.2.3 Simple Waves -- 8.3 Supersonic Flow Around a Convex Corner -- Prandtl-Meyer Flow -- 8.4 Plane Supersonic Outflow from a Slit -- 8.5 Elements of the Theory of Thin Aerodynamic Profile -- 8.5.1 The Main Concepts -- 8.5.2 Linearization of Equations of Motion -- 8.5.3 Thin Profile in a Subsonic Stream -- The Prandtl-Glauert Rule. 327 $a8.5.4 Thin Profile in a Supersonic Stream -- Akkeret's Formula -- Wave Drag -- References -- Appendix A Numerical Method of Characteristics for the 1-D Unsteady Flows (Massau's Scheme) -- A.1 General Features of the Method -- A.2 Algorithms of the Numerical Method of Characteristics -- A.2.1 Governing Equations of 1-D Unsteady Gas Flow in Characteristic Form -- A.2.2 Calculations in the Internal Node -- A.2.3 Implementation of Boundary Conditions -- A.2.3.1 ``Rigid Wall'' -- A.2.3.2 ``Piston'' -- A.2.3.3 ``Shock Front'' -- A.2.3.4 ``Contact Surface'' -- A.3 Reverse Method of Characteristics (Hartree Scheme) -- A.4 Scheme for Isentropic Flows with Plane Waves -- Appendix B Godunov's Method for the Calculations of 1-D Unsteady Flows -- B.1 General Properties of the Method -- B.2 Scheme of the Method -- B.2.1 Initial Data Processing -- B.2.2 Development of the Difference Scheme -- B.2.3 Searching for uk ,pk and Flow Configuration -- B.2.4 Determination of R,U,P -- B.2.5 Determination of the Slopes Wleft ,W'left ,Wk , W'right ,Wright of the Sectors' Borders -- B.2.6 Finding the Relevant Sector -- B.3 Approximate Solution of the Discontinuity Breakup Problem -- B.3.1 The Acoustic Approximation -- B.3.2 Isentropic Approximation -- B.4 Algorithms of Boundary Conditions' Fulfillment -- B.4.1 ``Rigid Wall'' -- B.4.2 ``Piston'' -- B.4.3 ``Shock Front'' -- B.4.4 ``Contact Surface'' -- B.5 Determination of a Stable Time-Step -- B.6 Example Structure and Flowchart of Program Code for Godunov's Method -- Appendix C Numerical Methods for Two-Dimensional Flows -- C.1 Method of Characteristics for 2-D Steady Supersonic Flows -- C.1.1 The Characteristic form of Equations of Gas Motion in Ehlers' Variables -- C.1.2 Calculation Scheme for an Internal Node -- C.1.3 Calculation Scheme at the Symmetry Axis. 327 $aC.1.4 Calculation of the Node at the Rigid Wall -- C.1.5 Calculation of a Node at Free Surface -- C.2 Breakup-Based Scheme of the Predictor-Corrector Type for 2-D Steady Supersonic Flows -- C.2.1 Governing Equations -- C.2.2 Approximation of the Computational Domain -- C.2.3 The Corrector Stage: the Finite-Difference Scheme -- C.2.4 The Predictor Stage: Determination of R,U,V,P -- C.2.5 Boundary Condition Fulfillment -- C.2.6 Choice of Time Step -- Use of Auxiliary Variables -- C.3 Godunov's Scheme for 2-D Unsteady Flows -- C.3.1 The Case of Plane-Parallel Flow -- C.3.1.1 The ``Corrector'' Stage -- C.3.1.2 The Stage ``Predictor'' -- C.3.2 The Case of a Fixed Rectangular Grid -- References -- Index. 606 $aCompressibility 606 $aFluid dynamics 606 $aShock waves 615 0$aCompressibility. 615 0$aFluid dynamics. 615 0$aShock waves. 676 $a629.13232 700 $aGirin$b Oleksandr$01266133 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a996499863703316 996 $aDynamics of Compressible Fluids$92968776 997 $aUNISA LEADER 02604nam 2200445z- 450 001 9910909497403321 005 20231124 035 $a(CKB)5400000000043325 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/71605 035 $a(oapen)doab128115 035 $a(EXLCZ)995400000000043325 100 $a20202108d2021 |y 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aA Manifesto for the Just City 210 $aDelft$cTU Delft OPEN Publishing$d2021 215 $a1 online resource (276 p.) 311 08$a94-6366-367-3 330 $aThis book addresses the need to re-imagine and re-conceptualise the Just City in light of recent systemic shocks: climate change, the pandemic, a generalised erosion of democratic standards and more. It contains texts by a number of guests and 43 manifestos written by students from 25 universities from all over the world. A "Manifesto for the Just City" comes in the wake of the realisation that socio-spatial justice is a crucial dimension for sustainability transitions. Growing inequality and the erosion of the public sphere undermine the social and political structures required to fight climate change, pandemics and other systemic shocks. With this book, we have sought to encourage students to formulate their own visions for the Just City and for a just transition. This book is result of an Urban Thinkers Campus organised between 9 and 30 November 2020. The Urban Thinkers Campus (UTC) model is an initiative of UN-Habitat's World Urban Campaign, conceived in 2014 as an open space for critical exchange between stakeholders and partners. It aims to promote debate and action on sustainable and inclusive urbanization upholding the principles and guidelines contained in the New Urban Agenda, launched at Habitat-III in 2016 in Quito, Ecuador. 606 $aCity and town planning: architectural aspects$2bicssc 610 $aDemocracy 610 $aJust City 610 $aManifesto 610 $aNew Urban Agenda 610 $aParticipatory planning 610 $aSpatial Justice 610 $aUrban visioning 610 $aWorld Urban Campaign 615 7$aCity and town planning: architectural aspects 700 $aRocco$b Roberto$4auth$01776348 702 $aNewton$b Caroline$4auth 702 $aVergara d?Alençon$b Luz Maria$4auth 702 $avan der Watt$b Anja$4auth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910909497403321 996 $aA Manifesto for the Just City$94292951 997 $aUNINA