LEADER 07150nam 22005772 450 001 9910907058703321 005 20251019235407.0 010 $a9789004678002 010 $a900467800X 024 7 $a10.1163/9789004678002 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31613065 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31613065 035 $a(CKB)34227773300041 035 $a(OCoLC)1455141368 035 $a(nllekb)BRILL9789004678002 035 $a(EXLCZ)9934227773300041 100 $a20240614d2024 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aIdentifying the Stones of Classical Hebrew $eA Modern Philological Approach /$fEphraim S. Ayil 205 $aFirst edition. 210 1$aLeiden ;$aBoston :$cBrill,$d2024. 210 4$d©2024 215 $a1 online resource (251 pages) 225 1 $aAncient Languages and Civilizations ;$v7 225 1 $aLanguage and Linguistics E-Books Online, Collection 2024 311 08$a9789004677999 311 08$a9004677992 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tAcknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- 1 Methodology -- 2 Terminology/Scope -- 3 Limitations/Preface -- 2 The a?¸¤oA?¡en a???Priestly Breastplate -- 3 ×O?¹×?O?¶× E?¾oa?¸em a???Carnelian -- 1 Defining Carnelian -- 4 i?­?O?´×?O?°×?O?¸×? Pia?¹­a?¸A? a???Peridot -- 1 False Etymologies -- 2 Reexamining an Old Connection -- 3 Identity -- 5 i?¬±O?¸×¨O?¶×§O?¶×ª BA?rea?¸³ea?¹¯ a???Green Jasper -- 1 Medieval Identifications -- 2 Previous Etymologies -- 3 Cognates -- 4 A Semitic Etymology -- 5 Possible Identities -- 6 Putting the Data Together -- 6 × O?¹×¤O?¶×s?O?° NopI??ea?¸µ a???Turquoise -- 1 Derivation from Egyptian mfke??¢t -- 2 Semantics -- 3 i?­?i?¬µ×s?O?° PA?«a?¸µ -- 7 סO?·i?­?O?´×?ר SappA?«r a???Lapis Lazuli -- 1 The Biblical Sources -- 2 Greco-Roman Sources for I?£a?½±I??I??I?µI?¹I?I?¿I?? Sappheiros -- 3 The Supposed Indian Origin -- 4 Marginal Cognates -- 5 Akkadian Analogue and a Revised Etymology -- 8 ×?O?¸×?O?²×?O?¹× YA?hA??lom -- 9 ×?O?¶i?¬ªO?¶× LeA?¡em a???Amazonite -- 10 i?¬ªO?°×?×?O?¹ A? E??a?¸?o a???Agate -- 11 ×O?·×?O?°×?O?¸×z?O?¸×? E?¾aa?¸¥lA?mA? a???Red Jasper -- 1 Phonology -- 2 Ancient Translations -- 12 i?­S?O?·×¨O?°i?¬ªO?´×?i?¬ª TarA?¡A?«A?¡ a???Amber -- 1 Internal Evidence for the Color of TarA?¡A?«A?¡ -Stone -- 2 TarsI??A?«sI?? = Tartessos = A Stone from Tartessos -- 3 Applying the Philological Method -- 4 Other Previous Views -- 5 Conclusion -- 13 i?¬ªO?¹×?O?·× A? oham a???Onyx -- 1 The Location of ×?O?²×?O?´×?×?O?¸×? a?¸¤A??wA?«lA? -- 2 Terminological Issues concerning Onyx -- 3 Chalcedony Onyx in Arabia -- 4 The Egyptian Word for Onyx -- 5 Towards an Etymology -- 6 New Biblical Interpretations -- 14 ×?O?·i?¬ªO?°×¤O?¶×? YaA?¡pI??e a???Blue Chalcedony -- 1 Cognates -- 2 Yaspids in Greek and Mesopotamian Sources -- 3 The Elamite YaA?¡pu -- 4 Breaking My Own Rules -- 5 Cultural Realia , Geography, Mythology: Towards an Etymology -- 6 Conclusion -- 15 i?¬ªO?¸×z?O?´×?ר A? A?mA?«r a???Emery -- 1 Cognates -- 2 The Etymology of i?¬ªO?¸×z?O?´×?ר A? A?mA?«r -- 3 The Shamir Worm -- 16 i?¬²O?¸×?O?´×?i?¬ª GA?a?¸?A?«A?¡ & ×O?¶×?O?°i?¬²O?¸×?O?´×?i?¬ª E?¾elgA?a?¸?A?«A?¡ a???Crystal Quartz, Gypsum & Hail -- 1 Previous Hypotheses -- 2 Phonological Analysis -- 3 Hebrew Sources for Elgavish -- 4 On i?¬²O?¸×?O?´×?i?¬ª GA?a?¸?A?«A?¡ -- 5 Etymological History in Other Languages -- 6 Semantics -- 17 i?¬»O?·×?O?°i?¬»O?¹×? Kadkoa?¸ & ×O?¶×§O?°i?¬³O?¸×? E?¾ea?¸³dA?a?¸¥ a???Garnet -- 1 i?¬»O?·×?O?°i?¬»O?¹×? Kadkoa?¸ -- 2 ×O?¶×§O?°i?¬³O?¸×? E?¾ea?¸³dA?a?¸¥ -- 3 Greek a?¼?I?½I?¸I?I?±I?¾ Anthrax and Latin Carbunculus -- 4 Ugaritic Pa?¸¥m and Akkadian PA??ndE?? -- 5 Historiography -- 18 צ×?O?¹×¨ CI?£or & ×?O?·i?¬¼O?¸×z?O?´×?i?¬ª a?¸¤allA?mA?«A?¡ a???Flint/Obsidian -- 1 צO?¹×¨ CI?£or -- 2 ×?O?·i?¬¼O?¸×z?O?´×?i?¬ª a?¸¤allA?mA?«A?¡ -- 3 Afterword: Implications for the Reconstruction of Ancient Egyptian Phonology -- 4 Harmonizing the Data -- 19 i?¬ªO?·×?O?´i?¬ª/i?¬ªO?µi?¬ª A? ayiA?¡ / A? A??A?¡ & i?¬²O?´×¨ Gir a???Limestone -- 1 i?¬ªO?·×?O?´i?¬ª/i?¬ªO?µi?¬ª A? ayiA?¡ / A? A??A?¡ -- 2 i?¬²O?´×¨ Gir -- 3 Afterword -- 20 Other Classical Hebrew Lithonyms -- 1 i?¬±O?·×?O?·×? Bahaa?¹­ -- 2 i?¬±O?¹×?O?·×Y? Boa?¸¥an -- 3 i?¬²O?¸×¤O?°×¨O?´×?ת GopI??rA?«tI?  -- 4 i?¬³O?·×¨ Dar -- 5 ×z?O?¶×?O?·×? Melaa?¸¥ -- 6 × O?¶×ªO?¶×¨ Nea?¹¯er -- 7 i?¬ªO?¸i?¬ªO?·×¨ ShA?shar -- 21 Final Analysis -- 1 Patterns in Borrowing -- 2 Reconsidering the Septuagint and a Potential Pattern -- 3 A Theory of the Septuagint -- 4 Frontiers for Future Research -- Appendix: Index of Publications concerning Stones in the Bible -- Bibliography -- Index of Foreign Words -- Index of Gemstones & Minerals. 330 $aSince the publication of the Septuagint in the 3rd century BCE, scholars have attempted to describe the types of stones that populate the biblical text. Modern academic scholars rely on ancient translations despite the contradictions and historical implausibility which manifests. Abandoning the ancient translations, this study synthesizes comparative linguistics with the archeogemological corpus. By ascertaining valid cognates, the Hebrew stone names may be equated with names in ancient languages which correspond with known species of stones. This allows us to confirm the identities of the stones mentioned in the biblical text and place them into historical context. 410 0$aAncient Languages and Civilizations ;$v7. 410 0$aLanguage and Linguistics E-Books Online, Collection 2024. 517 3 $aA Modern Philological Approach 606 $aHistorical linguistics$yTo 400 606 $aLinguistics 607 $aMiddle East$xHistory$yTo 622 607 $aEgypt$xHistory$yTo 640 A.D 615 0$aHistorical linguistics 615 0$aLinguistics. 676 $a220.4/2 700 $aAyil$b Ephraim S.$01787778 801 0$bNL-LeKB 801 1$bNL-LeKB 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910907058703321 996 $aIdentifying the Stones of Classical Hebrew$94321729 997 $aUNINA