LEADER 04423nam 22007215 450 001 9910899898603321 005 20250418132102.0 010 $a9789819777488 010 $a9819777488 024 7 $a10.1007/978-981-97-7748-8 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31743887 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31743887 035 $a(CKB)36414860800041 035 $a(DE-He213)978-981-97-7748-8 035 $a(EXLCZ)9936414860800041 100 $a20241028d2024 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aStatistical Significance and the PHC Curve /$fby Hideki Toyoda 205 $a1st ed. 2024. 210 1$aSingapore :$cSpringer Nature Singapore :$cImprint: Springer,$d2024. 215 $a1 online resource (158 pages) 311 08$a9789819777471 311 08$a981977747X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aStatistical Significance is Merely a Necessary Condition -- Academic Journals Filled with Redundant Papers -- Sample size must be determined in advance along with the evidence provided -- Does the Fact of Deciding in Advance Guarantee Permanence -- The Probability of a Research Hypothesis Being Correct. 330 $aThis book explains the importance of using the probability that the hypothesis is correct (PHC), an intuitive measure that anyone can understand, as an alternative to the p-value. In order to overcome the ?reproducibility crisis? caused by the misuse of significance tests, this book provides a detailed explanation of the mechanism of p-hacking using significance tests, and concretely shows the merits of PHC as an alternative to p-values. In March 2019, two impactful papers on statistics were published. One paper, "Moving to a World Beyond ?p < 0.05??, was featured in the scholarly journal The American Statistician, overseen by the American Statistical Association. The title of the first chapter is ?Don't Say ?Statistically Significant??, and it uses the imperative form to clearly forbid the use of significance testing. Another paper, ?Retire statistical significance?, was published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature. This commentary was endorsed by more than 800 scientists, advocating for the statement, ?We agree, and call for the entire concept of statistical significance to be abandoned.? Consider a study comparing the duration of hospital stays between treatments A and B. Previously, research conclusions were typically stated as: ?There was a statistically significant difference at the 5% level in the average duration of hospital stays.? This phrasing is quite abstract. Instead, we present the following conclusion as an example: (1) The average duration of hospital stays for Group A is at least half a day shorter than for Group B. (2) 71% of patients in Group A have shorter hospital stays than the average for Group B. (3) Group A has an average hospital stay that is, on average, no more than 94% of that of Group B. Then, the probability that the expression is correct is shown. That is the PHC curve. 606 $aSocial sciences$xStatistical methods 606 $aStatistics 606 $aMarkov processes 606 $aStatistics 606 $aMathematical statistics 606 $aPsychometrics 606 $aStatistics in Social Sciences, Humanities, Law, Education, Behavorial Sciences, Public Policy 606 $aStatistical Theory and Methods 606 $aMarkov Process 606 $aBayesian Inference 606 $aParametric Inference 606 $aPsychometrics 615 0$aSocial sciences$xStatistical methods. 615 0$aStatistics. 615 0$aMarkov processes. 615 0$aStatistics. 615 0$aMathematical statistics. 615 0$aPsychometrics. 615 14$aStatistics in Social Sciences, Humanities, Law, Education, Behavorial Sciences, Public Policy. 615 24$aStatistical Theory and Methods. 615 24$aMarkov Process. 615 24$aBayesian Inference. 615 24$aParametric Inference. 615 24$aPsychometrics. 676 $a519.56 700 $aToyoda$b Hideki$f1961-$01817280 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910899898603321 996 $aStatistical Significance and the PHC Curve$94374898 997 $aUNINA