LEADER 05563nam 2200697 a 450 001 9910877833103321 005 20230421041527.0 010 $a1-282-78321-1 010 $a9786612783210 010 $a0-470-93507-3 010 $a1-59124-582-6 010 $a0-470-93506-5 035 $a(CKB)111086367653190 035 $a(EBL)588845 035 $a(OCoLC)301215876 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000072130 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11123364 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000072130 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10094586 035 $a(PQKB)11282455 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC588845 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111086367653190 100 $a19960619d1996 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aGuidelines for use of vapor cloud dispersion models$b[electronic resource] 205 $a2nd ed. 210 $aNew York $cCenter for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers$dc1996 215 $a1 online resource (293 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8169-0702-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aGuidelines for Use of Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models; Contents; PREFACE; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; NOMENCLATURE; 1. Background and Objectives; 2. Overview of Modeling Procedures, Including Rationale for Selecting Scenarios for Worked Examples; 2.1. Types of Scenarios and Models; 2.2. Gross Screening Analysis; 2.3. Scenarios Selected for Worked Examples; 3. Input Data Required; 3.1. Source Data; 3.2. Site Characteristics; 3.3. Meteorological Data and Formulas for Calculating Input Parameters; 3.4. Receptor-Related Data; 4. Source Emission Models; 4.1. Conceptual Process for Source Term Determination 327 $a4.2. Calculation of Source Terms4.2.1. Gas Jet Releases; 4.2.2. Liquid Jet Releases; 4.2.3. Two-Phase Jet Releases; 4.2.4. Liquid Pool Spreading; 4.2.5. Liquid Pool Evaporation; 4.2.6. Multicomponent Evaporation; 4.3. Uncertainties in Source Term Estimation; 5. Dispersion Models; 5.1. Critical Richardson Number Criterion; 5.2. Jet Trajectory and Entrainment; 5.2.1. Momentum-Dominated Jets; 5.2.2. Elevated Dense Gas Jets; 5.2.3. Positively Buoyant Plumes; 5.3. Dense Gas Release at Grade; 5.3.1. Background and Overview; 5.3.2. Dense Gas Clouds in the Absence of Heat Exchange 327 $a5.3.3. Dense Gas Clouds in the Presence of Heat Exchanges5.4. Transport and Dispersion of Neutrally Buoyant or Passive Gas Clouds; 5.5. Simple Nomograms for Calculating the Dilution of Dense Gas Release; 5.6. Three-Dimensional Numerical Models of Dense Gas Dispersion; 5.7. Transport and Dispersion Near Buildings; 5.7.1. Plume Confinement by Canyons; 5.7.2. Concentrations on Building Faces Due to Releases from Vents; 5.7.3. Concentrations on the Building Downwind Face (the Near-Wake) Due to Releases from Sources on the Building; 5.7.4. Other Effects of Buildings 327 $a5.8. Worst Case Meteorological Conditions5.9. Removal by Dry and Wet Deposition; 5.9.1. Gravitational Settling of Lorge Particles or Aerosols; 5.9.2. Dry Deposition of Small Particles and Gases; 5.9.3. Removal of Particles and Gases by Precipitation and Clouds (Wet Deposition); 6. Averaging Times, Concentration Fluctuations, and Modeling Uncertainties; 6.1. Overview of Physical Considerations Related to Averaging Time; 6.2. Overview of Characteristics of Concentration Fluctuations in Plumes 327 $a6.3. Predictions of Concentrations on the Plume Centerline at a Given Downwind Distance as a Function of Averaging Time, Ta6.4. Predictions of Concentrations at a Given Receptor Position as a Function of Averaging Time, Ta; 6.5. Threshold Crossing Probability; 6.6. A General Structure for the Analysis of Model Uncertainties; 7. Overview of Operational Vapor Cloud Models in Common Use; 7.1. Summary of Commonly Used Models; 7.2. Characteristics of Commonly Used Vapor Cloud Dispersion Models; 8. Evaluation of Models with Field Data; 8.1. Description of Field Data Sets 327 $a8.2. Model Evaluation Procedures 330 $aThe second edition of this essential reference updates and combines two earlier titles to capture the many technological advances for predicting the ""footprint"" of a vapor cloud release. Cited by EPA in its 1996 document, ""Off-Site Consequence Analysis Guidance,"" the aim of the book is to encourage and facilitate the development and use of dispersion modeling as an everyday tool, providing practical understanding of basic physical and chemical principles, guidance in selecting release scenarios and the best available models, and information and examples on how to run some models and interp 606 $aAtmospheric diffusion$xMathematical models 606 $aHazardous substances$xEnvironmental aspects$xMathematical models 606 $aVapors$xMathematical models 615 0$aAtmospheric diffusion$xMathematical models. 615 0$aHazardous substances$xEnvironmental aspects$xMathematical models. 615 0$aVapors$xMathematical models. 676 $a533.63 676 $a533/.63 676 $a628.5/3/0113 676 $a628.53011 676 $a628.530113 712 02$aAmerican Institute of Chemical Engineers.$bCenter for Chemical Process Safety. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910877833103321 996 $aGuidelines for use of vapor cloud dispersion Models$9127017 997 $aUNINA