LEADER 04517nam 2200757Ia 450 001 9910462816203321 005 20211028030200.0 010 $a0-674-07496-3 010 $a0-674-07494-7 024 7 $a10.4159/harvard.9780674074941 035 $a(CKB)2670000000368331 035 $a(EBL)3301310 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000886801 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11548577 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000886801 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10834982 035 $a(PQKB)11468972 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3301310 035 $a(DE-B1597)209751 035 $a(OCoLC)843880780 035 $a(OCoLC)853265933 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780674074941 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3301310 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10713637 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000368331 100 $a20130215d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#---|u||u 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe tragedy of a generation$b[electronic resource] $ethe rise and fall of Jewish nationalism in Eastern Europe /$fJoshua M. Karlip 210 $aCambridge, Mass. $cHarvard University Press$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (400 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a0-674-07285-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tA Word about Transliteration --$tIntroduction --$tCHAPTER ONE :Diaspora Nationalism and Yiddishism in Late Imperial Russia --$tCHAPTER TWO: Catastrophe and Renaissance during World War I --$tCHAPTER THREE: Losing Russia as a Base --$tCHAPTER FOUR: At the Crossroads --$tCHAPTER FIVE: The Holocaust --$tConclusion --$tNotes --$tAcknowledgments --$tIndex 330 $aThe Tragedy of a Generation is the story of the rise and fall of an ideal: an autonomous Jewish nation in Europe. It traces the origins of two influential but overlooked strains of Jewish thought-Yiddishism and Diaspora Nationalism-and documents the waning hopes and painful reassessments of their leading representatives against the rising tide of Nazism and, later, the Holocaust. Joshua M. Karlip presents three figures-Elias Tcherikower, Yisroel Efroikin, and Zelig Kalmanovitch-seen through the lens of Imperial Russia on the brink of revolution. Leaders in the struggle for recognition of the Jewish people as a national entity, these men would prove instrumental in formulating the politics of Diaspora Nationalism, a middle path that rejected both the Zionist emphasis on Palestine and the Marxist faith in class struggle. Closely allied with this ideology was Yiddishism, a movement whose adherents envisioned the Yiddish language and culture, not religious tradition, as the unifying force of Jewish identity. We follow Tcherikower, Efroikin, and Kalmanovitch as they navigate the tumultuous early decades of the twentieth century in pursuit of a Jewish national renaissance in Eastern Europe. Correcting the misconception of Yiddishism as a radically secular movement, Karlip uncovers surprising confluences between Judaism and the avowedly nonreligious forms of Jewish nationalism. An essential contribution to Jewish historiography, The Tragedy of a Generation is a probing and poignant chronicle of lives shaped by ideological conviction and tested to the limits by historical crisis. 606 $aJewish nationalism$zRussia$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aJewish socialists$zRussia$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aJews$zRussia$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aJews$zRussia$xIdentity$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aJews$zRussia$xIntellectual life$y20th century 606 $aJews$zRussia$xPolitics and government$y20th century 606 $aLabor Zionism$zRussia$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aYiddishists$zRussia$xHistory$y20th century 607 $aRussia$xEthnic relations$xHistory$y20th century 608 $aElectronic books. 615 0$aJewish nationalism$xHistory 615 0$aJewish socialists$xHistory 615 0$aJews$xHistory 615 0$aJews$xIdentity$xHistory 615 0$aJews$xIntellectual life 615 0$aJews$xPolitics and government 615 0$aLabor Zionism$xHistory 615 0$aYiddishists$xHistory 676 $a320.54095694 700 $aKarlip$b Joshua M.$f1971-$01044762 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910462816203321 996 $aThe tragedy of a generation$92470574 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05395nam 2200673Ia 450 001 9910877382003321 005 20230617021407.0 010 $a1-280-52024-8 010 $a9786610520244 010 $a3-527-60515-0 010 $a3-527-60147-3 035 $a(CKB)1000000000019314 035 $a(EBL)481275 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000141534 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11147200 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000141534 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10090060 035 $a(PQKB)11289588 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC481275 035 $a(OCoLC)55689617 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000019314 100 $a20021028d2003 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aDrug bioavailability $eestimation of solubility, permeability, absorption and bioavailability /$fedited by Han van de Waterbeemd, Hans Lennerna?s and Per Artursson 210 $aWeinheim $cWiley-VCH$dc2003 215 $a1 online resource (605 p.) 225 1 $aMethods and principles in medicinal chemistry ;$vv. 18 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-527-30438-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aDrug Bioavailability Estimation of Solubility, Permeability, Absorption and Bioavailability; Contents; Preface; Foreword; List of Authors; I Studies of Membrane Permeability and Oral Absorption; 1 Physico-chemical Approaches to Drug Absorption; Abbreviations; Symbols; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Drug-like Properties; 1.3 Dissolution and Solubility; 1.3.1 Calculated Solubility; 1.4 Ionization (pK(a)); 1.5 Lipophilicity; 1.5.1 Calculated log P; 1.6 Molecular Size and Shape; 1.6.1 Calculated Size Descriptors; 1.7 Hydrogen Bonding; 1.7.1 Calculated Hydrogen-Bonding Descriptors; 1.8 Amphiphilicity 327 $a1.9 Permeability1.9.1 Artificial Membranes; 1.9.2 IAM, ILC, MEKC, and BMC; 1.9.3 Liposome Partitioning; 1.9.4 Biosensors; 1.9.5 Ghost Erythrocytes and Diffusion Constants; References; 2 High-throughput Measurement of log D and pK(a); Abbreviations; Symbols; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Relationship between Ionization and Lipophilicity; 2.3 Measuring log D; 2.3.1 Shake-flask Method; 2.3.2 pH-metric Method; 2.3.3 Direct Chromatographic Methods; 2.3.3.1 Chromatographic Hydrophobicity Index (CHI); 2.3.3.2 Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEEKC) 327 $a2.3.3.3 Chromatography in the Presence of Octanol2.3.3.4 Reversed-Phase Chromatography; 2.3.3.5 Liquid-Liquid Partition Chromatography; 2.4 Measuring pK(a); 2.4.1 Review of Methods; 2.4.2 The Effect of Co-solvents on pK(a); 2.4.3 pH-Metric Titration; 2.4.4 Hybrid pH-Metric/UV Method; 2.4.5 Other Methods; 2.4.6 pH Gradient Titration; 2.5 Some Thoughts about High-throughput Analytical Chemistry; Acknowledgments; References; 3 High-throughput Measurement of Permeability Profiles; Abbreviations; Symbols; 3.1 Introduction 327 $a3.2 Key Historical Developments in Artificial-Membrane Permeability Measurement3.3 The Ideal in vitro Artificial Membrane Permeability Model; 3.3.1 Lipid Compositions in Biological Membranes; 3.3.2 Permeability-pH Considerations; 3.3.3 Role of Serum Proteins; 3.3.4 Effects of Cosolvents, Bile Acids, and other Surfactants; 3.3.5 Components of the Ideal; 3.4 New Directions in PAMPA; 3.4.1 Concentrated and Charged Phospholipid Membranes; 3.4.2 Gradient-pH Permeability Equation; 3.4.3 Permeability Measurements: High-phospholipid in Surfactant-free Solutions 327 $a3.4.4 Membrane Retention Measurements: High-phospholipid in Surfactant-free Solutions3.4.5 Egg Lecithin and the Degree of Negative Charge; 3.4.6 Summary: Increasing Phospholipid Content in the Absence of Sink Conditions; 3.4.7 Effects of Surfactant on High-phospholipid Membrane Permeability and Retention; 3.4.8 Quality and Usefulness of the UV Spectra; 3.4.9 Iso-pH and Gradient-pH Mapping in 2% DOPC-Dodecane; 3.4.10 Iso-pH Mapping in 20% Soy Lecithin-Dodecane, with Surfactant 327 $a3.4.11 Predictions of in vivo Human Jejunal Permeabilities using the Improved 20% Soy Lecithin with Surfactant in vitro PAMPA Technique 330 $aThe peroral application (swallowing) of a medicine means that the body must first resorb the active substance before it can begin to take effect. The efficacy of drug uptake depends on the one hand on the chemical characteristics of the active substance, above all on its solubility and membrane permeability. On the other hand, it is determined by the organism's ability to absorb pharmaceuticals by way of specific transport proteins or to excrete them. Since many pharmacologically active substances are poorly suited for oral intake, a decisive criterion for the efficacy of a medicine is its so- 410 0$aMethods and principles in medicinal chemistry ;$vv. 18. 606 $aDrugs$xBioavailability 606 $aDrugs$xSolubility 615 0$aDrugs$xBioavailability. 615 0$aDrugs$xSolubility. 676 $a615.1 676 $a615.19 676 $a615/.7 701 $aWaterbeemd$b Han van de$0860600 701 $aLennerna?s$b Hans$01763943 701 $aArtursson$b Per$01763944 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910877382003321 996 $aDrug bioavailability$94204632 997 $aUNINA