LEADER 05311nam 22006134a 450 001 9910876797903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-64911-9 010 $a9786610649112 010 $a0-470-05588-X 010 $a0-470-05587-1 035 $a(CKB)1000000000355522 035 $a(EBL)272155 035 $a(OCoLC)476009705 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000258251 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11210574 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000258251 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10255327 035 $a(PQKB)11433794 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC272155 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000355522 100 $a20060412d2006 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe theory of response-adaptive randomization in clinical trials /$fFeifang Hu, William F. Rosenberger 210 $aHoboken, N.J. $cWiley-Interscience$dc2006 215 $a1 online resource (234 p.) 225 1 $aWiley Series in Probability and Statistics ;$vv.525 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-471-65396-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and indexes. 327 $aThe Theory of Response-Adaptive Randomization in Clinical Trials; Dedication; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Randomization in clinical trials; 1.1.1 Complete randomization; 1.1.2 Restricted randomization procedures; 1.1.3 Response-adaptive randomization procedures; 1.1.4 Covariate-adaptive randomization procedures; 1.1.5 Covariate-adjusted response-adaptive randomization procedures; 1.2 Response-adaptive randomization in a historical context; 1.3 Outline of the book; 1.4 References; 2 Fundamental Questions of Response-Adaptive Randomization; 2.1 Optimal allocation 327 $a2.2 The relationship between power and response-adaptive randomization2.3 The relationship for K > 2 treatments; 2.4 Asymptotically best procedures; 2.5 References; 3 Likelihood-Based Inference; 3.1 Data structure and likelihood; 3.2 Asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimators; 3.3 The general result for determining asymptotically best procedures; 3.4 Conclusions; 3.5 References; 4 Procedures Based on Urn Models; 4.1 Generalized Friedman 's urn; 4.1.1 Historical results on asymptotic properties; 4.1.2 Assumptions and notation; 4.1.3 Main asymptotic theorems; 4.1.4 Some examples 327 $a4.1.5 Proving the main theoretical results4.2 The class of ternary urn models; 4.2.1 Randomized Po?lya urn; 4.2.2 Birth and death urn; 4.2.3 Drop-the-loser rule; 4.2.4 Generalized drop-the-loser rule; 4.2.5 Asymptotic properties of the GDL rule; 4.3 References; 5 Procedures Based on Sequential Estimation; 5.1 Examples; 5.2 Properties of procedures based on sequential estimation for K = 2; 5.3 Notation and conditions for the general framework; 5.4 Asymptotic results and some examples; 5.5 Proving the main theorems; 5.6 References; 6 Sample Size Calculation 327 $a6.1 Power of a randomization procedure6.2 Three types of sample size; 6.3 Examples; 6.3.1 Restricted randomization; 6.3.2 Response-adaptive randomization; 6.4 References; 7 Additional Considerations; 7. 1 The effects of delayed response; 7.2 Continuous responses; 7.2.1 Asymptotic variance of the four procedures; 7.3 Multiple (K > 2) treatments; 7.4 Accommodating heterogeneity; 7.4.1 Heterogeneity based on time trends; 7.4.2 Heterogeneity based on covariates; 7.4.3 Statistical inference under heterogeneity; 7.5 References; 8 Implications for the Practice of Clinical Trials; 8.1 Standards 327 $a8.2 Binary responses8.3 Continuous responses; 8.4 The effects of delayed response; 8.5 Conclusions; 8.6 References; 9 Incorporating Covariates; 9.1 Introduction and examples; 9.1.1 Covariate-adaptive randomization procedures; 9.1.2 CARA Randomization Procedures; 9.2 General framework and asymptotic results; 9.2.1 The procedure for K treatments; 9.2.2 Main theoretical results; 9.3 Generalized linear models; 9.4 Two treatments with binary responses; 9.4.1 Power; 9.5 Conclusions; 9.6 References; 10 Conclusions and Open Problems; 10.1 Conclusions; 10.2 Open problems; 10.3 References 327 $aAppendix A: Supporting Technical Material 330 $aPresents a firm mathematical basis for the use of response-adaptive randomization procedures in practice The Theory of Response-Adaptive Randomization in Clinical Trials is the result of the authors' ten-year collaboration as well as their collaborations with other researchers in investigating the important questions regarding response-adaptive randomization in a rigorous mathematical framework. Response-adaptive allocation has a long history in biostatistics literature; however, largely due to the disastrous ECMO trial in the early 1980s, there is a general reluctance to use t 410 0$aWiley Series in Probability and Statistics 606 $aClinical trials 615 0$aClinical trials. 676 $a610.72/4 700 $aHu$b Feifang$f1964-$01757248 701 $aRosenberger$b William F$0900485 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910876797903321 996 $aThe theory of response-adaptive randomization in clinical trials$94195027 997 $aUNINA