LEADER 04015nam 22006255 450 001 9910838289003321 005 20240628131009.0 010 $a3-031-48000-7 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-031-48000-3 035 $a(CKB)30390572300041 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31166576 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31166576 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-031-48000-3 035 $a(EXLCZ)9930390572300041 100 $a20240216d2024 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aCascading Failures in Power Grids $eRisk Assessment, Modeling, and Simulation /$fedited by Kai Sun 205 $a1st ed. 2024. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2024. 215 $a1 online resource (317 pages) 225 1 $aPower Electronics and Power Systems,$x2196-3193 311 08$a9783031479991 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntroduction -- Challenges in Risk Assessment, Modeling, and Simulation of Cascading Failures -- Industrial Practices and Criteria Against Cascading Failures -- Modeling of Cascading Failures and Blackouts Using Outage Data -- Interaction Models for Analysis and Mitigation of Cascading Failures -- Probabilistic Analytics on Cascading Failures -- Modeling Cascading Failures in Power Systems: Quasi-Steady-State Models and Dynamic Models -- Multi-Timescale Modeling, Risk Assessment, and Mitigation of Cascading Failures -- Quasi-Steady-State Simulation of Cascading Failures Considering Frequency. 330 $aCascading failures as long chains of events and outages are threats to reliable operations of power grids and can lead to catastrophic blackouts with tremendous losses if not understood, prevented, or mitigated sufficiently. This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive presentation of emerging methods for risk assessment, modeling, and simulation of cascading failures in power grids. The methods are all supported by theories and experimental tests using realistic power grid models and data, and the contributors to this volume are leading scholars in the field. Specific topics covered include an introduction to cascading failures, probabilistic analytics of utility outage data and risks, quantitative influence and interaction models to understand and mitigate failure propagation, simulation of cascading failures using models of multiple time scales, and industrial criteria and practices against cascading failures. Cascading Failures in Power Grids: Risk Assessment,Modeling, and Simulation will provide comprehensive and in-depth coverage of state-of-the-art methods for all readers interested in cascading failures and will inspire researchers and engineers to develop emerging and practical tools in the future. The first book about risk assessment, modeling, and simulation of cascading failures in power grids; Covers both state-of-the-art methods and best industrial practices; All contributors are experts and active scholars in the field. 410 0$aPower Electronics and Power Systems,$x2196-3193 606 $aElectric power distribution 606 $aPower electronics 606 $aElectric power production 606 $aElectric power-plants 606 $aEnergy Grids and Networks 606 $aPower Electronics 606 $aElectrical Power Engineering 606 $aPower Stations 615 0$aElectric power distribution. 615 0$aPower electronics. 615 0$aElectric power production. 615 0$aElectric power-plants. 615 14$aEnergy Grids and Networks. 615 24$aPower Electronics. 615 24$aElectrical Power Engineering. 615 24$aPower Stations. 676 $a929.374 702 $aSun$b Kai 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910838289003321 996 $aCascading Failures in Power Grids$94242298 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05522nam 2200781 a 450 001 9910876662603321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a9786612849299 010 $a9781282849297 010 $a1282849298 010 $a9780470935361 010 $a0470935367 010 $a9781591245599 010 $a1591245591 010 $a9780470935354 010 $a0470935359 035 $a(CKB)111056552538578 035 $a(EBL)624630 035 $a(OCoLC)699474876 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000071892 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11109876 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000071892 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10091173 035 $a(PQKB)10782393 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC624630 035 $a(Perlego)2758834 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111056552538578 100 $a19990323d1998 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aEstimating the flammable mass of a vapor cloud /$fJohn L. Woodward 210 $aNew York $cCenter for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers$dc1998 215 $a1 online resource (326 p.) 225 1 $aCCPS concept book 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 08$a9780816907786 311 08$a0816907781 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 267-284) and index. 327 $aEstimating the Flammable Mass of a Vapor Cloud; CONTENTS; Preface; Acknowledgments; Glossary; Nomenclature; 1 INTRODUCTION; 1.1. Why Calculate Flammable Mass?; 1.2. How Are Flammable Mass Estimates Used?; 1.3. Other CCPS Publications; 2 OVERVIEW; 2.1. Context; 2.2. Objectives; 1.3. How to Use This Book; 3 INDUSTRY EXPERIENCES WITH FLAMMABLE VAPOR CLOUDS; 3.1. Property Losses from Vapor Cloud Accidents; 3.2. Examples of Vapor Cloud Events; 3.2.1. Bangkok, Thailand, LPG Vapor Cloud; 3.2.2. Saint Herblain, France, Gasoline Cloud, October 7,1991 327 $a3.2.3. Pampa, Texas, Hoechst-Celanese Explosion, November 17,19873.2.4. Monsanto Ethanol Explosion, Autumn, 1970; 3.2.5. Mexico City Vapor Cloud and Explosion, November 19,1984; 3.2.6. Pasadena, Texas Fire and Explosion, October 23,1989; 3.3. Examples with Postaccident Determination of Flammable Mass; 3.3.1. Flixborough Vapor Cloud Explosion, June 1,1974; 3.3.2. Piper Alpha North Sea Platform Fire, July 6,1988; 3.3.3. DSM Naphtha Cracker, Beek, the Netherlands, 7 November 1975; 4 BASIC CONCEPTS-FLUID FLOW, FIRES, AND EXPLOSIONS; 4.1. Discharge Characteristics 327 $a4.1.1. Single-Phase Discharge Rates from Tanks4.1.2. Single-Phase Discharge Rates from Pipes; 4.1.3. Two-Phase Discharge Rates from Tanks; 4.1.4. Two-Phase Discharge Rates from Pipes; 4.1.5. Aerosol Formation and Drop Size Correlations; 4.1.6. Rainout; 4.1.7. Pool Spread and Evaporation on Land; 4.2. Dispersion Factors; 4.2.1. Jet Mixing; 4.2.2. Meteorology; 4.2.3. Surface Roughness and Terrain; 4.2.4. Averaging Time; 4.2.5. Impingement and Cratering; 4.2.6. Obstacle Effects; 4.3. Sources of Ignition; 4.4. Flame Characteristics; 4.4.1. Flammable Limits; 4.4.2. Flammable Limits with Inerts 327 $a4.4.3. Autoignition Temperature for Gases4.4.4. Minimum Ignition Energy for Gases; 4.4.5. Flash Point; 4.4.6. Laminar Burning Velocity and Turbulent Flame Speed; 4.5. Aerosol Flammability; 4.6. Turbulence Effects; 4.6.1. Turbulence Effects of Jet Plume Ignition; 4.6.2. Turbulence and Pockets of Flammable Material; 4.7. Flash Fires; 4.8. Explosions; 4.8.1. Confinement and Congestion; 4.8.2. Effect of Concentration on Explosion Overpressure; 4.8.3. TNT Equivalence Explosion Models; 4.8.4. Volume Source Explosion Models; 4.8.5. Determining Fuel Reactivity 327 $a4.8.6. Determining Degree of Confinement4.8.7. Determining Level of Congestion; 4.8.8. Multiple Congested Volumes; 4.9. Minimum Flammable Mass for Vapor Cloud Explosions; 4.10. Probability of Vapor Cloud Ignition and Explosion; 5 DETERMINATION OF FLAMMABLE MASS; 5.1. Estimation Methods by Degree of Confinement; 5.2. Methods for Finding the Flammable Mass in Unconfined Vapor Clouds; 5.2.1. Screening: Rules of Thumb; 5.2.2. Calculating Flammable Mass with Dispersion Models; 5.3. Methods for Finding the Flammable Mass in Partially Confined Vapor Clouds 327 $a5.3.1. Estimating Flammable Mass for Potential Explosion Sites 330 $aThis CCPS Concept book shows designers and operators of chemical facilities how to realistically estimate the flammable mass in a cloud of accidentally released material that is capable of igniting. It provides information on industry experience with flammable vapor clouds, basic concepts of fires and explosions, and an overview of related computer programs. 410 0$aCCPS concept book. 606 $aVapors$xFlammability$xMathematical models 606 $aExplosions$xMathematical models 606 $aFire$xMathematical models 606 $aChemical plants$xSafety measures 606 $aFlammable gases 615 0$aVapors$xFlammability$xMathematical models. 615 0$aExplosions$xMathematical models. 615 0$aFire$xMathematical models. 615 0$aChemical plants$xSafety measures. 615 0$aFlammable gases. 676 $a660/.2804 700 $aWoodward$b John Lowell$0856084 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910876662603321 996 $aEstimating the flammable mass of a vapor cloud$91911294 997 $aUNINA