LEADER 04865nam 22006015 450 001 9910874659103321 005 20240713130849.0 010 $a9789819728039$b(electronic bk.) 010 $z9789819728022 024 7 $a10.1007/978-981-97-2803-9 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31527419 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31527419 035 $a(CKB)32813341500041 035 $a(DE-He213)978-981-97-2803-9 035 $a(EXLCZ)9932813341500041 100 $a20240713d2024 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aChildhood Stress, Trauma and Synapse Loss /$fby Maxwell R Bennett 205 $a1st ed. 2024. 210 1$aSingapore :$cSpringer Nature Singapore :$cImprint: Springer,$d2024. 215 $a1 online resource (198 pages) 311 08$aPrint version: Bennett, Maxwell R. Childhood Stress, Trauma and Synapse Loss Singapore : Springer,c2024 9789819728022 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aChapter 1 Vignettes of an Australian childhood -- Chapter 2 Emergence of abnormal psychology following different forms of abuse and neglect -- Chapter 3 Emergence of specific psychopathologies following abuse and neglect -- Chapter 4 Emergence of an abnormal personality -- Chapter 5 The Kraepelin model -- Chapter 6 Kohut and Freud models -- Chapter 7 Hierarchical taxonomy models -- Chapter 8 Brain structures involved in major depressive disorder -- Chapter 9 Synapse pathology in brain structures affected in depression -- Chapter 10 Do molecular interventions (ketamine) re-establish synapses in affected brain structures?. 330 $aThis book is concerned with the extent to which childhood stress and trauma lead in relative maturity to major depression (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The loss of synapses in the cortex, accompanying childhood maltreatment, is identified as a principal mechanism for developing these disorders. Considerable attention is given to identifying interventions that will restore lost synapses, so ameliorating these mental illnesses. The book describes the emergence of abnormal psychology in youth and adult life following childhood maltreatment. Of considerable immediate concern is the extent to which such maltreatment significantly enhances the tendency to suicide and suicidality. Next, consideration is given as to how personality disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, the very dangerous borderline personality disorder, and the publicly offensive narcissistic personality disorder, arise from childhood maltreatment. The classification or nosology of mental and personality disorders as well as the principal psychoanalytic approaches available for their treatment are sketched together with recent attempts to use novel constructs that bridge between symptoms (based on patients? behavior and self-descriptions). Recently, new techniques have been developed for brain imaging and non-invasive and localized brain stimulation. These show that nodes of the distributed brain network whose malfunction is closely related to major depressive disorders are likely to differ in their importance from patient to patient. Wonderfully, so-called ?closed-loop? stimulation techniques are now available for automatically adjusting the activity of individual nodes in individual patients, relieving them of their major depression. The results of our research, and that of others using magnetic resonance imaging of mature patients that have been maltreated as children, have been to identify the nodes that have lost gray matter. We have shown that this is likely due to the loss of synapses in these nodes. Finally, the central question of how synapses may be restored in these nodes to ameliorate major depressive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidality is considered, emphasizing the recent revolutionary discovery that the psychedelic ketamine restores synapses and has a therapeutic effect on mental health. 606 $aNeurosciences 606 $aNervous system$xDiseases 606 $aNeurophysiology 606 $aCognitive neuroscience 606 $aNeuroscience 606 $aNeurological Disorders 606 $aNeurophysiology 606 $aCognitive Neuroscience 615 0$aNeurosciences. 615 0$aNervous system$xDiseases. 615 0$aNeurophysiology. 615 0$aCognitive neuroscience. 615 14$aNeuroscience. 615 24$aNeurological Disorders. 615 24$aNeurophysiology. 615 24$aCognitive Neuroscience. 676 $a155.418 700 $aBennett$b M. R.$01756469 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910874659103321 996 $aChildhood Stress, Trauma and Synapse Loss$94255918 997 $aUNINA