LEADER 02756nam 22004693 450 001 9910872501403321 005 20240731182159.0 010 $a1-61249-964-3 010 $a1-61249-965-1 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7294974 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7294974 035 $a(CKB)31721332400041 035 $a(EXLCZ)9931721332400041 100 $a20240429d2024 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 12$aA History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWest Lafayette, IN :$cPurdue University Press,$d2024. 210 4$dİ2024. 215 $a1 online resource (195 pages) 225 1 $aNew Directions in the Human-Animal Bond Series 311 $a1-61249-962-7 327 $aAlternatives before the three Rs -- Russell, Burch, and the three Rs -- An underwhelming response : the 1960s -- Increased attention to alternatives : the 1970s -- Alternatives come of age : the 1980s. 330 $a"Growing public interest in animal welfare issues in recent decades has prompted increased attention to the efforts to develop alternative, nonanimal methods for use in biomedical research and product testing. In A History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing, the first book-length study of the subject, John Parascandola traces the history of the concept of alternatives to the use of animals in research and testing in Britain and the United States from its beginnings until it had become firmly established in the scientific and animal protection communities by the end of the 1980s. This account of the history of alternatives is set within the context of developments within science, animal welfare, and politics. The book covers the key role played by animal welfare advocates in promoting alternatives, the initial resistance to alternatives on the part of many in the scientific community, the opportunity provided by alternatives for compromise and cooperation between these two groups, and the dominance of the "Three Rs"-reduction, refinement, and replacement"--$cProvided by publisher. 410 0$aNew directions in the human-animal bond 606 $aAlternative toxicity testing$xHistory 606 $aLaboratory animals 615 0$aAlternative toxicity testing$xHistory. 615 0$aLaboratory animals. 676 $a615.9/07 700 $aParascandola$b John$01745740 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910872501403321 996 $aA History of the Development of Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing$94177115 997 $aUNINA