LEADER 10819nam 22004693 450 001 9910847089503321 005 20240405084504.0 010 $a3-031-49084-3 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31246351 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31246351 035 $a(CKB)31326334400041 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31266973 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31266973 035 $a(EXLCZ)9931326334400041 100 $a20240405d2024 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aPalgrave Handbook of Science and Health Journalism 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing AG,$d2024. 210 4$d©2024. 215 $a1 online resource (513 pages) 311 $a3-031-49083-5 327 $aIntro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Why Science and Health Journalism Matters -- A Brief History of Health/Science Journalism -- Health/Science Journalism Versus Health/Science Communication -- Content and Structure of This Book -- References -- Part I: Core Issues in Science and Health Journalism -- Chapter 2: Journalistic Conceptualisation of Science and Health: An Overview -- Introduction -- Distinctions Between Journalistic Culture and Scientific Culture -- History and Sociology of Science and Health Journalists -- What Is Health and Science to Journalists? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Who Speaks for/on Science and Health? Use of Sources by Science and Health Reporters -- Introduction -- Context -- Current Practices of Science and Health Journalists -- Looking Ahead -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Who Are Science and Health Journalists? -- Introduction -- The Role of Journalists -- Role Perceptions of Journalists -- Role Perceptions of Science and Health Journalists -- The Changing Nature of Science and Health Reporting -- Who Else Is Reporting on Science and Health News? -- Ethical Considerations -- Future Areas for Exploration -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Numeracy in Science and Health Journalism -- Introduction -- Numeracy and Its Impact on Health and Well-being -- Models of Science Communication -- Numeracy and Expert Sources -- Numeracy and Audiences -- Communicating Risk -- Numeracy and Journalists as Agents of Diffusion -- Beyond Numeracy: Areas of Future Research -- References -- Chapter 6: Uncertainty in the Process of Risk Communication for Public Health: An Integrative Theory-Based Approach -- Introduction -- Risk Perceptions and the Social Construction of Risk -- The Social Amplification of Risk Framework and Scientific Uncertainty. 327 $aThe Role of News Media in the Process of Amplifying Risks and Creating Uncertainties -- Looking Ahead: Current Risk-Related Uncertainties and Future Directions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Muzzling Misinformation: Drawing from Other Disciplines and Engaging Health and Science Journalists as Research Collaborators -- Introduction -- Contributors to Misinformation -- Understanding Misinformation -- Muzzling Misinformation -- Training to Target Misinformation -- Technology, Information Literacy and Policy to Target Misinformation -- Credible Sources, Information Literacy and Corrections to Target Misinformation -- Reaching Across Boundaries and Engaging Journalists: A "Dis-Misinformation" Research Agenda -- Engage Journalists as Research Collaborators, Not Just as Research Subjects -- Evaluate Journalists' Awareness and Application of Multidisciplinary Research Evidence and Tools -- Study the Work of Specialist Health and Science Journalists and Outlets -- Investigate the Impact of Training on Journalists, Their Work and Their Audiences -- References -- Chapter 8: Understanding Complexity in Science/Health: The Challenges for Two Cultures -- Introduction -- Complexity in Science and Health Journalism from the Knowledge Production Angle -- Complexity Caused by a Lack of Scientific and Health Knowledge -- Complexity Arising in the News Production Process -- Journalists' Practical Solutions to Knowledge Production Complexity -- Complexity Challenge to the Developing World -- The Complexity Challenge Arising from the Conflicts Between the Two Cultures -- Scientific and Journalistic Cultures -- Cultural Tension and Complexity in Science and Health Journalism -- Cultural Differences Across Nations and Implications for Journalism Complexity -- Improved Science-Media Relationship and Journalism Complexity. 327 $aComplexity of Science and Health Journalism in the Digital Era -- Internet's Rising Impacts on Science and Health Journalism -- Prospects for Science and Health Journalism's Complexity in the Digital Era -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Reporting Formats and Audiences -- Chapter 9: Inclusion and Exclusion in Science and Health Journalism -- Introduction -- The Broader Context of Equity, Justice and Inclusion in the Media -- The Use of Health Disparity Framing in Media Coverage -- Media and Environmental Justice -- Accessing Science and Health News -- Barriers to Inclusive Journalism -- Characteristics of More Inclusive Journalism Forms -- Looking Ahead -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: The Politics and Economics of Health and Science Journalism on TV -- Introduction -- Context -- Journalists as Research Participants -- New Understanding of Health and Science Reporting -- Reporting Under Influence -- Pandemic of Panic -- Under Pressure -- What TV Reporters Say and What TV Reporters Do -- Focus on the Audience -- Scholars at a Glance -- Looking Ahead -- References -- Chapter 11: Telling Science/Health Stories in Audio -- Introduction -- Raising Health Awareness Through Radio -- Podcasting for Science and Health Communication and Journalism -- Podcast Audiences -- Podcasts as a Communication Tool: The Good, Bad and Unknown -- Podcasts and Participation -- Looking Ahead -- References -- Chapter 12: Social Media and Science/Health Reporting -- Introduction -- The End of Institutionalised Monopolies on Knowledge -- Platform Metrics and Affordances for Science/Health Reporting -- Slow Science/Health Research and Fast Science/Health Reporting -- COVID-19 as a Game Changer for Science/Health Reporting -- The Increasingly Crowded Space of Science/Health Reporting -- Looking Ahead -- Conclusion -- References. 327 $aChapter 13: Innovative Journalism Practices: Insights for Reporting Science and Health Issues -- Introduction -- Use of Technology to Improve Science and Health Journalism -- Access to Sources and Information for Science and Health Reporting -- Use of AI in Science and Health Journalism Workflow: Newsgathering and Editing -- Using Technologies to Connect the Public with Science and Health -- Data Visualisation -- Data-Driven Journalism -- Algorithm Journalism and Automated Journalism -- Engaging, Interactive, and Contextualised Science and Health Reporting -- Innovative Journalism Practice Affects Science and Health News Distribution and Consumption -- Training for Science and Health Journalists -- How Can Technology Enhance Training for Science and Health Journalists? -- Computational Science and Health Journalism: Different Forms of Practice but Common Challenges -- Ethical Considerations: Should the News Media Become the Realm of Machines? -- Machine Bias and Science and Health Reporting -- Metrics-Driven Content Over Journalistic Accountability -- Challenges Related to Automated Science and Health Reporting -- Agenda for Future Research in Science and Health Journalism -- References -- Part III: Key Science and Health Topics in the Media: Now and in the Future -- Chapter 14: Journalism for the Climate and Biodiversity Crises -- Introduction -- Context -- Media and Environment -- News Industry Trends, Journalistic Practices and Environmental Journalism -- Covering Climate Change -- Manufactured Uncertainty and Mediatised Misinformation on Climate -- Reporting the Biodiversity Crisis -- Looking Ahead -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Media Coverage of Space Science and Exploration -- Introduction -- Who Cares about Space News? -- The Space Race Through the Cold War -- The Earliest Period of Space Science Coverage Scholarship. 327 $aPre-space Race -- The Launch of Sputnik through the Moon Landing -- The Shuttle Program through the Challenger Disaster -- Post-Cold War Coverage -- An International Perspective -- What Gets Covered -- Bias in Space Coverage -- Working with Embargoes -- A Modern Mars in the News -- Barriers Journalists Face in Covering Space -- Looking Ahead -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: Covering Major Epidemics/Pandemics -- Introduction -- Context -- HIV/AIDS Pandemic (1981-Ongoing) -- SARS (2002-2004) -- H1N1 (2009-2010) -- MERS (2012) -- Ebola (2014-2016) -- Zika (2015-2016) -- COVID-19 (2019-Ongoing) -- Looking Ahead -- Social Media: Unavoidable Reality and a Potential Partner -- Information Rhythm: Attention Span -- News Coverage and Politics: Two to Tango -- Negative Discourse: Sensationalism vs. Solutions -- Trust in Media: Collaboration Is the New Trend -- Gender and Minority Gaps: The Inclusion Perspective -- Misinformation: Journalists as Fact-checkers -- Media Framing: Want to Hear vs. Need to Know -- Managing Uncertainty in Times of Crisis -- Preparedness: Future Pandemics and Planetary Health -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17: News Coverage of Science and Health Policy: Impacts on Public Opinion and Policy Outcomes -- Introduction -- Theoretical Grounding -- Defining Health and Science Policy -- News Coverage of Selected Science and Health Policy Issues -- News Coverage of Healthcare Cost and Access Policies -- News Coverage of Policy Related to Chronic Diseases -- News Coverage of Communicable Disease Prevention and Response Policies -- News Coverage of Environmental/Climate Change Policy -- News Coverage of Genetically Modified Organisms -- News Coverage of Nanotechnology -- The Impact of News Coverage on Science and Health Policy -- Gaps in the Research: What We Don't Yet Know -- References. 327 $aChapter 18: It's Not All Bad News: Solutions-Oriented Journalism Approaches. 676 $a070.4495 700 $aWalsh-Childers$b Kim$0952258 701 $aMcKinnon$b Merryn$01736042 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910847089503321 996 $aPalgrave Handbook of Science and Health Journalism$94155495 997 $aUNINA