LEADER 03527nam 22006855 450 001 9910838350203321 005 20220404182033.0 010 $a0-226-54432-X 024 7 $a10.7208/9780226544328 035 $a(CKB)4340000000256066 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0001930084 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5087163 035 $a(DE-B1597)524968 035 $a(OCoLC)1028979749 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780226544328 035 $a(EXLCZ)994340000000256066 100 $a20191022d2018 fg 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 181 $2rdacontent 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aLand bridges $eancient environments, plant migrations, and new world connections /$fAlan Graham 210 1$aChicago :$cUniversity of Chicago Press,$d[2018] 210 4$dİ2018 215 $a1 online resource $cillustrations (black and white), maps (black and white) 300 $aPreviously issued in print: 2018. 311 $a0-226-54429-X 311 $a0-226-54415-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFrontmatter --$tCONTENTS --$tABBREVIATIONS, TIME SCALE, AND CONVERSIONS --$tPREFACE --$tIntroduction --$tPART ONE. Boreal Land Bridges --$tPART TWO. Equatorial Land Bridges --$tPART THREE. Austral Land Bridge --$tACKNOWLEDGMENTS --$tIndex 330 $aLand bridges are the causeways of biodiversity. When they form, organisms are introduced into a new patchwork of species and habitats, forever altering the ecosystems into which they flow; and when land bridges disappear or fracture, organisms are separated into reproductively isolated populations that can evolve independently. More than this, land bridges play a role in determining global climates through changes to moisture and heat transport and are also essential factors in the development of biogeographic patterns across geographically remote regions. In this book, paleobotanist Alan Graham traces the formation and disruption of key New World land bridges and describes the biotic, climatic, and biogeographic ramifications of these land masses' changing formations over time. Looking at five land bridges, he explores their present geographic setting and climate, modern vegetation, indigenous peoples (with special attention to their impact on past and present vegetation), and geologic history. From the great Panamanian isthmus to the boreal connections across the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans that allowed exchange of organisms between North America, Europe, and Asia, Graham's sweeping, one-hundred-million-year history offers new insight into the forces that shaped the life and land of the New World. 606 $aNatural bridges$zWestern Hemisphere 606 $aLandforms$zWestern Hemisphere 606 $aBiogeography$zWestern Hemisphere 606 $aPlant diversity$zWestern Hemisphere 610 $aAntillean. 610 $aBering. 610 $aCenozoic. 610 $aCentral American. 610 $aCretaceous. 610 $aMagellan. 610 $aNew World. 610 $aNorth Atlantic. 610 $aclimate. 610 $aland bridges. 615 0$aNatural bridges 615 0$aLandforms 615 0$aBiogeography 615 0$aPlant diversity 676 $a551.41 700 $aGraham$b Alan$0351609 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910838350203321 996 $aLand bridges$94144791 997 $aUNINA