LEADER 00500cac0 22001811 450 001 LAEC00027269 005 20110502124914.0 100 $a20110502f0000 |||||ita|0103 ba 102 $aDE 110 $ab 200 1 $aalpha omega 801 0$aIT$bUNISOB$c20110502$gRICA 912 $aLAEC00027269 940 $aC 121 Collana SBN 941 $aC 996 $aALPHA-OMEGA$9553278 997 $aUNISOB 998 \\$1001E600200053243$12001 $aKonkordanz zu Ludwig Wittgensteins "Tractatus logico-philosophicus" LEADER 11500oam 22006733 450 001 9910157831603321 005 20250522141929.0 010 $a0-08-100272-6 035 $a(CKB)3710000001009354 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4775700 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000001009354 100 $a20231211d2017 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aSteels 205 $aFourth edition. 210 1$aSan Diego :$cElsevier Science & Technology,$d2017. 210 4$d©2017. 215 $a1 online resource (490 pages) 311 08$a0-08-100270-X 327 $aFront Cover -- Steels: Microstructure and Properties -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms -- Nomenclature -- 1 Iron and Its Interstitial Solutions -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Allotropes of pure iron -- 1.2.1 Thin lms and isolated particles -- 1.3 Austenite to ferrite transformation -- 1.3.1 Mechanisms of transformation -- 1.4 Carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen in solution -- 1.4.1 Solubility in a- and ?-iron -- 1.4.2 Diffusion of solutes in iron -- 1.4.3 Practical consequences of diffusion -- Surface treatment -- Homogenisation -- 1.5 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 2 Strengthening of Iron and Its Alloys -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Work hardening -- 2.3 Interstitial solid solution strengthening -- 2.3.1 The yield point -- 2.3.2 Role of interstitial elements in yield phenomena -- 2.3.3 Strengthening at high interstitial concentrations -- 2.4 Substitutional solution strengthening -- 2.5 Grain size -- 2.5.1 Hall-Petch effect -- 2.5.2 Nanostructured steels -- 2.6 Dispersion strengthening -- 2.7 Overall strength -- 2.8 Some practical aspects -- 2.9 Limits to strength -- 2.9.1 Theoretical strength -- 2.9.2 Hundreds of times stronger than steel -- Fracture -- 2.10 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 3 Iron-Carbon Equilibrium and Plain Carbon Steels -- 3.1 Iron-carbon equilibrium phase diagram -- 3.2 Austenite-ferrite transformation -- 3.3 Austenite-cementite transformation -- 3.4 Kinetics of the ?-> -- a transformation -- 3.4.1 Growth kinetics of ferrite -- 3.5 Widmanstätten ferrite -- 3.5.1 Morphology -- 3.5.2 Shape change -- 3.5.3 Growth kinetics of Widmanstätten ferrite -- 3.5.4 Summary -- 3.6 Austenite-pearlite reaction -- 3.6.1 The morphology of pearlite -- 3.6.2 The crystallography of pearlite. 327 $aPitsch/Petch relationship -- Bagaryatski relationship -- 3.6.3 Kinetics of pearlite growth -- 3.6.4 Divorced pearlite -- 3.6.5 Overall kinetics of pearlite formation -- 3.6.6 The strength of pearlite -- 3.7 Ferrite-pearlite steels -- Normalising -- Annealing -- 3.8 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 4 Solutes that Substitute for Iron -- 4.1 General principles -- 4.2 Alloying elements: ? and a phase elds -- 4.3 Distribution of alloying elements in steels -- 4.4 Effect of alloying elements on the kinetics of the ?/a transformation -- 4.4.1 The effect of alloying elements on the ferrite reaction -- 4.4.2 The effect of alloying elements on the pearlite reaction -- Other effects -- 4.4.3 Alloy pearlite -- 4.5 Structural changes resulting from alloying additions -- 4.5.1 Ferrite/alloy carbide aggregates -- Continuous growth of bres/laths -- Repeated nucleation of carbides (interphase precipitation) -- Nucleation in supersaturated ferrite -- 4.5.2 Alloy carbide bres and laths -- 4.5.3 Interphase precipitation -- 4.5.4 Nucleation in supersaturated ferrite -- 4.6 Transformation diagrams for alloy steels -- 4.7 Light steels -- 4.8 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 5 Formation of Martensite -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 General characteristics -- 5.2.1 The habit plane -- 5.2.2 Orientation relationships -- 5.2.3 Structure of the interface -- 5.2.4 The shape deformation -- 5.3 Crystal structure of martensite -- 5.4 Crystallography of martensitic transformations -- 5.5 Morphology of ferrous martensites -- 5.6 Kinetics of martensitic transformation -- 5.6.1 Nucleation of martensite -- 5.6.2 Growth of martensite -- 5.6.3 Overall athermal-transformation kinetics -- 5.6.4 Effect of alloying elements -- 5.6.5 Stress-induced transformation -- 5.6.6 Effect of austenite grain size -- 5.6.7 Effect of plastic strain on martensitic transformation. 327 $a5.6.8 Thermal stabilisation -- 5.7 Strength of martensite -- 5.8 Shape memory effect -- 5.9 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 6 Bainite -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Upper bainite (?550-400°C) -- 6.3 Lower bainite (?400-250°C) -- 6.4 The shape deformation -- 6.5 Carbon in bainite -- 6.6 Kinetics -- 6.7 Transition from upper to lower bainite -- 6.8 Granular bainite -- 6.9 Tempering of bainite -- 6.10 Role of alloying elements -- Carbon -- Other alloying elements -- 6.11 Use of bainitic steels -- 6.12 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 7 Acicular Ferrite -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Microstructure -- 7.3 Mechanism of transformation -- 7.4 Inclusions as heterogeneous nucleation sites -- 7.5 Nucleation of acicular ferrite -- 7.5.1 Lattice matching theory -- 7.5.2 Other possibilities -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 8 Heat Treatment of Steels: Hardenability -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Use of TTT and continuous cooling diagrams -- 8.3 Hardenability testing -- 8.3.1 The Grossman test -- 8.3.2 The Jominy end quench test -- 8.4 Effect of grain size and chemical composition on hardenability -- 8.5 Hardenability and heat treatment -- 8.6 Quenching stresses and quench cracks -- 8.7 Cryogenic treatment -- 8.8 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 9 Tempering of Martensite -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Tempering involving cementite and transition carbides -- 9.2.1 Tempering: stage 1 -- 9.2.2 Tempering: stage 2 -- 9.2.3 Tempering: stage 3 -- 9.2.4 Tempering: stage 4 -- 9.2.5 Role of carbon content -- 9.3 Mechanical properties of tempered martensite -- 9.4 Steels with strong carbide-forming elements -- 9.4.1 The effect of alloying elements on the formation of iron carbides -- 9.4.2 The formation of alloy carbides: secondary hardening -- 9.4.3 Nucleation and growth of alloy carbides -- 9.4.4 Tempering of steels containing vanadium. 327 $a9.4.5 Tempering of steels containing chromium -- 9.4.6 Tempering of steels containing molybdenum and tungsten -- 9.4.7 Complex alloy steels -- 9.4.8 Mechanical properties of tempered alloy steels -- 9.4.9 Mechanical properties: hydrogen trapping -- 9.5 Maraging steels -- 9.6 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 10 Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Controlled rolling of low-alloy steels -- 10.2.1 General -- 10.2.2 Grain size control during controlled rolling -- 10.2.3 Niobium atom clusters -- 10.2.4 Minimum achievable grain size -- 10.2.5 Dispersion strengthening during controlled rolling -- 10.2.6 Strength of microalloyed steels: an overall view -- 10.3 Dual-phase steels -- 10.4 TRIP-assisted steels -- 10.4.1 Low- or zero-silicon TRIP-assisted steels -- 10.4.2 Galvanising of TRIP-assisted steels -- 10.5 TWIP steels -- 10.6 Industrial steels subjected to thermomechanical treatments -- 10.7 Ausforming -- 10.8 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 11 The Embrittlement and Fracture of Steels -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Cleavage fracture in iron and steel -- 11.3 Factors in uencing the onset of cleavage fracture -- 11.4 Criteria for the ductile-brittle transition -- 11.5 Practical aspects of brittle fracture -- 11.6 Hydrogen embrittlement -- 11.6.1 Prevention of hydrogen embrittlement -- 11.7 Intergranular embrittlement -- 11.7.1 Temper embrittlement -- 11.8 Ductile or brous fracture -- 11.8.1 General -- 11.8.2 Role of inclusions in ductility -- 11.8.3 Role of carbides in ductility -- 11.8.4 Overheating, burning and liquid metal embrittlement -- 11.9 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 12 Stainless Steel -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The iron-chromium-nickel system -- 12.3 Chromium-rich carbide in Cr-Ni austenitic steels -- 12.4 Precipitation of niobium and titanium carbides -- Grain boundary: -- Dislocations:. 327 $aPrecipitation in association with stacking faults: -- Matrix precipitation: -- 12.5 Nitrides in austenitic steels -- 12.6 Intermetallic precipitation in austenite -- 12.7 Austenitic steels in practical applications -- 12.8 Oxidation resistant stainless steel -- 12.9 Duplex and ferritic stainless steels -- 12.10 Mechanically alloyed stainless steels -- 12.11 Transformation of metastable austenite -- 12.12 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 13 Weld Microstructures -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Fusion zone -- 13.2.1 Weld solidi cation -- 13.2.2 As-deposited microstructure -- 13.2.3 Allotriomorphic ferrite -- 13.2.4 Widmanstätten ferrite and acicular ferrite -- 13.2.5 Sensitivity to carbon -- 13.3 Heat-affected zone -- 13.3.1 Heat ow -- 13.3.2 Microstructural zones -- 13.3.3 Coarse-grained austenite -- 13.3.4 Fine-grained austenite zone -- 13.3.5 Partially austenitic regions and local brittle zones -- 13.4 Friction stir welding of steels -- 13.5 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 14 Nanostructured Steels -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Why the yearning for exceedingly ne grains? -- 14.3 Production of nanostructured steel -- 14.3.1 Shape preserving deformations -- 14.3.2 Shape altering deformations -- 14.3.3 Nanostructure without deformation -- 14.4 Detrimental nanostructures in steels -- 14.5 Summary -- References -- Backnotes -- 15 Modelling of Structure and Properties -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Example 1: alloy design -- 15.2.1 Calculation of the T0 curve -- 15.2.2 The improvement in toughness -- 15.2.3 Precision and limits -- 15.3 Example 2: mechanical properties of mixed microstructures -- 15.3.1 Calculation of the strength of individual phases -- 15.3.2 Iron and substitutional solutes -- 15.3.3 Carbon -- 15.3.4 Dislocations -- 15.3.5 Lath size -- 15.3.6 Martensite composition and transformation temperature. 327 $a15.3.7 Strength of mixed microstructures. 330 8 $aThis volume outlines the principles determining the microstructure, mechanical behavior and properties of steels, the most widely-used metallic alloy. It is updated with new material on nanostructured steels, novel alloys for energy industries, and the latest technologies for the automobile industry. 606 $aSteel$xMetallography 606 $aSteel 606 $aSteel$xMetallurgy 606 $aPhysical metallurgy 606 $aPhysical metallurgy$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst01062712 606 $aSteel$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst01132472 606 $aSteel$xMetallography$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst01132523 606 $aSteel$xMetallurgy$2fast$3(OCoLC)fst01132524 606 $aTechnology$2ukslc 615 0$aSteel$xMetallography. 615 0$aSteel. 615 0$aSteel$xMetallurgy. 615 0$aPhysical metallurgy. 615 7$aPhysical metallurgy. 615 7$aSteel. 615 7$aSteel$xMetallography. 615 7$aSteel$xMetallurgy. 615 7$aTechnology. 676 $a669.9/6142 676 $a669.96142 700 $aBhadeshia$b H. K. D. H$g(Harshad Kumar Dharamshi Hansraj),$f1953-$0476842 701 $aHoneycombe$b R. W. K$g(Robert William Kerr)$020146 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910157831603321 996 $aSteels$94036886 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04226nam 22005533 450 001 9910838177603321 005 20231218084508.0 010 $a3-11-067636-2 010 $a3-11-067632-X 024 7 $a10.1515/9783110676327 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC31016830 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL31016830 035 $a(DE-B1597)536266 035 $a(DE-B1597)9783110676327 035 $a(OCoLC)1415893366 035 $a(CKB)29374732800041 035 $a(EXLCZ)9929374732800041 100 $a20231218d2023 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aPower of the Priests $ePolitical Use of Religious Knowledge 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aBerlin/Boston :$cWalter de Gruyter GmbH,$d2023. 210 4$d©2024. 215 $a1 online resource (330 pages) 311 08$a3-11-067621-4 327 $tFrontmatter -- $tPreface -- $tContents -- $tIntroduction -- $tShaping Policy: Case Study from Ancient Egypt -- $tThe Political Role of an Egyptian Priest under the Early Ptolemies: The Case of Manetho -- $tOracles as an Instrument for Political Decisions and Royal Legitimation: A Case Study of Ancient Egypt -- $tExperts for Teaching and Consulting -- $tPolitics in the Life of Daniel the Stylite: The Holy Man as a Political Player in Late Antique Constantinople -- $tDid Brahmins have Power in Premodern India? -- $tInstrumentalizing the 'Priests' -- $tIdeologists, Instigators or 'Stage Props'? Priests and Popular Protest in the English Rising of 1381 -- $tGender, Politics and Religion in Antiquity: The Challenge of the Reign of Queen Alexandra -- $t'Vassal' or 'political player'? Towards a re-assessment of Willibrord's political activity in Merovingian Francia (AD 690-739) -- $tControl of Knowledge: Documenting Priestly Power -- $tThe Power of the Rabbis: Reading Urban Stories of Late Antiquity -- $t"Domination through Knowledge": The Sacred Dimension of Bureaucracy in the Oracular Sanctuary of Dodona -- $tBehind the Scene: Religion at the Service of Politics in Ancient Egypt: Views from Philae Island -- $tIn the Field of Power: Priests and Legitimization -- $tPower through Pilgrimage: The Making of the Papacy -- $tA New Political Order in the Late Sixth Century BC Athens Powered by the Delphic Oracle -- $tKeepers of the Secrets of the Sky, the Earth, and the Underworld: The High Priests of Ptah at Memphis During the Kushite and the Saite-Persian Periods (c. 728?332 BC) -- $tConclusion -- $tIndex of Names 330 $aReligion plays a central role in nearly every aspect in people's life of most pre-modern cultures. Especially the interconnection between religion and politics is a common fact but the details of this relation and interacting processes behind this are not substantially studied. Therefore, this volume does not aim to confirm the linkage of religion and politics in general but to investigate its functionalities in political processes. A focus is placed on the political role of religious personnel beyond their religious and cultic tasks and their influence in pre-modern societies from a cross-cultural perspective. Specialists from various disciplines present their research based on case studies. Thereby this interdisciplinary volume covers a wide geographical and chronological range from ancient Egypt in the Bronze Age until medieval England. These papers are organised according to core functions questioning the instrumentalisation of religious personnel. 606 $aHISTORY / Medieval$2bisacsh 608 $aConference papers and proceedings.$2lcgft 610 $aBrahmans. 610 $aoracles. 610 $apriests. 610 $aruler legitimacy. 615 7$aHISTORY / Medieval. 676 $a322.109 700 $aKubisch$b S$g(Sabine)$01461856 701 $aKlinkott$b Hilmar$0265965 712 02$aROOTS - Social, Environmental, and Cultural Connectivity in Past Societies (EXC 2150)$4fnd$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/fnd 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910838177603321 996 $aPower of the Priests$93670685 997 $aUNINA