LEADER 05311nam 22006494a 450 001 9910831176303321 005 20230721025937.0 010 $a1-280-82194-9 010 $a9786610821945 010 $a0-470-08520-7 010 $a0-470-08519-3 035 $a(CKB)1000000000355050 035 $a(EBL)287350 035 $a(OCoLC)476040392 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000260774 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11218595 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000260774 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10257031 035 $a(PQKB)11155271 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC287350 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000355050 100 $a20060818d2007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aTrace chemical sensing of explosives$b[electronic resource] /$fedited by Ronald L. Woodfin 210 $aHoboken, N.J. $cWiley$dc2007 215 $a1 online resource (396 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-471-73839-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 333-349) and index. 327 $aTRACE CHEMICAL SENSING OF EXPLOSIVES; CONTENTS; FOREWORD; PREFACE; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS; PART I FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS; 1 CHEMICAL SENSING; 1.1 What Is Chemical Sensing?; 1.2 Types of Sensing Systems; 1.3 Sensing Possibilities; 1.3.1 Bulk Sensors; 1.3.2 Trace Sensors; 1.4 Aromas; 1.4.1 Biosensors; 1.4.2 Electronic Sensors; 1.4.3 Other Indirect Methods (Switch of Molecules); 1.4.4 Target Possibilities; 1.4.5 Sensitivity and the Problem of False Positives; 1.5 Configuring an Electronic Trace Sensor; 1.5.1 Required Elements; 1.5.2 Integration and Packaging 327 $a1.6 Issue of Concentration1.6.1 Nomenclature; 1.6.2 Source to Sample; 1.6.3 Catch, Count, and Release Cycle; 1.6.4 Sensor Sensitivity Versus Sampling Time; 1.6.5 The Concentration Gap; 1.6.6 Sensitivity Comparison; References; 2 WHAT TO DETECT?; References; 3 DANGEROUS INNOVATIONS; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Theory of Improvised Explosives; 3.3 History and the Anarchist Literature; 3.4 Fertilizer-Based IEs; 3.4.1 Ammonium Nitrate IEs; 3.4.2 Urea Nitrate; 3.5 Peroxide Explosives; 3.6 The Next Wave; 3.6.1 Improvised Detonators; 3.6.2 Peroxide Main Charges; 3.6.3 Fringe Mixtures; 3.6.4 On the Horizon 327 $aReferences4 WHERE SHOULD WE LOOK FOR EXPLOSIVE MOLECULES?; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Where Did the Molecules Come from and How Did They Get Here?; 4.1.2 Objects Other Than Buried Landmines; 4.1.3 Questions That Beg for Answers; 4.2 Source of the Molecules; 4.2.1 How the Molecules Diffuse or Leak from a Munition; 4.2.2 Example of Landmines; 4.2.3 Other Munitions; 4.3 Transport of the Molecules; 4.3.1 Buried Sources; 4.3.2 Concentration Estimates from Buried Sources; 4.3.3 Other Environments; 4.3.4 Odor Plumes; 4.4 EF&T Implications for Search and Sampling Strategies; 4.4.1 Sources Buried on Land 327 $a4.4.2 Sources Producing Plumes4.5 Open Questions and Fruitful Areas for Future Research; 4.5.1 Objects Buried in the Sea Bottom; 4.5.2 Sampling Plant Material; 4.6 Role of Computer Modeling; 4.6.1 Soil Transport Models; 4.6.2 Plume Transport Models; 4.6.3 Plume Search Models; 4.7 Conclusions; References; 5 STRUCTURE OF TURBULENT CHEMICAL PLUMES; 5.1 Turbulent Mixing; 5.2 Instantaneous Structure; 5.3 Time-Averaged Characteristics; 5.4 Information for Tracking Chemical Odor Plumes; 5.5 Variation of the Plume Structure; Acknowledgments; References; PART II FIELD EXPERIENCE 327 $a6 DETECTION OF TRACE EXPLOSIVE SIGNATURES IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Overview of Fate and Transport of Explosives Released from UUXO; 6.3 Sampling and Sensing Methodology; 6.4 SeaDog Sensor Configurations; 6.4.1 Prototype Integrated with a Robotic Crawler Platform; 6.4.2 Diver-Deployed SeaDog and Initial Integration with the REMUS; 6.4.3 SeaDog Miniaturization: The SeaPup; 6.5 Results of Sensor Tests Conducted in the Marine Environment; 6.5.1 Tests of the Sensor Prototype on a Crawler Vehicle 327 $a6.5.2 Tests of the Diver-Deployed SeaDog Sensor and Initial Integration to the REMUS 330 $aThis timely book covers the most recent developments in the chemical detection of explosives in a variety of environments. Beginning with a broad view of the need for and the potential applications of chemical sensing, the book considers the issue of how to effectively include chemical sensing into systems designed to find hidden explosives devices. Offering a firsthand look at the latest technologies direct from those who are actively developing them, the book features:A look at the history of the field, including the contributions of recent programsA brief explanation of the chem 606 $aChemical detectors 606 $aExplosives$xDetection 606 $aTerrorism$xPrevention 615 0$aChemical detectors. 615 0$aExplosives$xDetection. 615 0$aTerrorism$xPrevention. 676 $a662.2 676 $a662.20287 676 $a662/.20287 701 $aWoodfin$b Ronald L$01602752 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910831176303321 996 $aTrace chemical sensing of explosives$93926796 997 $aUNINA