LEADER 01283nam 2200457 450 001 9910831164403321 005 20230124193855.0 010 $a1-68367-313-1 010 $a1-68367-064-7 010 $a1-5231-1258-1 010 $a1-55581-963-X 035 $a(CKB)3710000000914869 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6258985 035 $a(OCoLC)971021061 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000914869 100 $a20201031d2017 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aBiological safety $eprinciples and practices /$fedited by Dawn P. Wooley & Karen B. Byers 210 1$aHerndon, Virginia, United States of America :$cASM Press,$d2017. 215 $a1 online resource (759 pages) $cillustrations 300 $aIncludes index. 311 $a1-55581-620-7 606 $aScience 606 $aBiology 606 $aNatural history 615 0$aScience. 615 0$aBiology. 615 0$aNatural history. 676 $a634.905 702 $aWooley$b Dawn P. & Byers, Karen B. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910831164403321 996 $aBiological safety$93981728 997 $aUNINA LEADER 09003nam 2200685Ia 450 001 9910970542903321 005 20251116140408.0 010 $a9786610222179 010 $a9781280222177 010 $a1280222174 010 $a9780309554572 010 $a0309554578 010 $a9780585144962 010 $a0585144966 035 $a(CKB)110986584750670 035 $a(OCoLC)44964786 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10062841 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000163631 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11164599 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000163631 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10117843 035 $a(PQKB)11631588 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376960 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376960 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10062841 035 $a(OCoLC)923267128 035 $a(Perlego)4735751 035 $a(BIP)642716 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584750670 100 $a19850121d1984 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aGlobal tropospheric chemistry $ea plan for action /$fGlobal Tropospheric Chemistry Panel, Board of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1984 215 $a1 online resource (208 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 08$a9780309034814 311 08$a0309034817 320 $aIncludes bibliographies and index. 327 $aGlobal Tropospheric Chemistry -- Copyright -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- Contents -- PART I A PLAN FOR ACTION -- Executive Summary -- 1 The Need for an Program -- PUBLIC POLICY PROBLEMS AND ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY -- ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: TOOL, SCIENCE, OR BOTH? -- TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY: THE PROSPECTUS -- 2 A Framework -- SOURCES -- TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION -- TRANSFORMATION -- Homogeneous Gas-Phase Transformations -- Homogeneous Aqueous-Phase Transformations -- Heterogeneous Transformations -- REMOVAL -- PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF TRACE SUBSTANCES IN THE TROPOSPHERE -- SUMMARY -- 3 A Proposed Program -- LONG-TERM GOALS AND OBJECTIVES -- BIOLOGICAL SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMICALS -- Investigations of Specific Sources -- Tundra, Taiga, and Freshwater Marshes -- Tropical Forests -- Biomass Burning -- Coastal Wetland and Estuarine Environments -- Agricultural Biomes -- Open Oceans -- Temperate Forests -- Savannas and Temperate Grasslands -- Needs for Instruments and Verification of Methods -- GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS AND LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT -- Chemical Species and Measurement Techniques -- Experimental Design -- Measurement Validation -- Observational Protocol -- Principles For Network Design -- Strategy for Obtaining Vertical Distribution Data -- The Program -- Phase I -- Phase II -- PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS -- Theory Validation Experiments -- Identification of Critical Measurements -- Sampling Strategy -- Instrument Readiness -- Concentration Distribution Experiment -- Sampling Strategy -- Instrumentation -- Platforms -- Laboratory Measurement Requirements -- Mechanistic Studies of Family Chemical Systems -- Measurements of Individual Gas-Phase Rate Coefficients -- Fundamental Spectroscopic and Photochemical Studies -- Photochemical Modeling -- CONVERSION, REDISTRIBUTION, AND REMOVAL -- Experimental Constraints -- Recommended Field Experiments. 327 $aWet Removal Experiment -- Dry Removal Experimental Program -- Future Experiments -- MODELING THE TROPOSPHERIC CHEMICAL SYSTEM -- Models for Biological and Surface Sources and Sinks -- Models for Global Distributions and Long-Range Transport -- Models for Photochemical Transformations -- Modds for Conversion, Redistribution, and Removal Processes -- Summary -- INSTRUMENT AND PLATFORM REQUIREMENTS -- Field and Laboratory Instrumentation -- Platforms -- Aircraft -- Ships -- Satellites -- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION -- 4 Global Tropospheric Chemistry-A Call to Action -- PART II ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT UNDERSTANDING -- 5 Critical Processes Affecting the Distribution of Chemical Species -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS AND LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT -- Monitoring Concepts -- Network Design -- Temporal Considerations -- Vertical Distribution Measurements -- BIOLOGICAL AND SURFACE SOURCES -- The Importance of Biological Sources -- The Nature of Biological Sources -- Globally Important Biomes -- Tundra and Other Northern Environments -- Temperate Forests -- Tropical Areas (Forests and Savannas) -- Tropical Areas -- Coastal Marsh, Estuary, and Continental Shelf Environments -- Point Sources -- Rice Agriculture -- Productive Oceans -- Issues of Closure -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS TRANSFORMATIONS -- Homogeneous Gas-Phase Chemistry -- Cyclic Photochemical Transformations: HxOy -- Cyclic Photochemical Transformations: NxOy -- Ozone Transformations/Photochemical Sources and Sinks -- Noncyclic Transformations -- Homogeneous Aqueous-Phase Transformations -- Heterogeneous Processes -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Homogeneous Gas-Phase Transformations -- Heterogeneous Processes -- WET AND DRY REMOVAL PROCESSES -- Wet Deposition -- Fog and Dewfall -- Dry Deposition -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 6 The Role of Modeling in Understanding Tropospheric Chemical Processes. 327 $aPRINCIPLES OF MODELING -- EXISTING MODELS -- MODELING IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH PROGRAMS -- Biological and Surface Source Models -- Modeling Noncyclic Transformation and Removal Processes in Clouds -- Modeling Fast-Photochemical Cycles and Transformations -- Modeling Global Distributions and Long-Range Transport with a Three-Dimensional Meteorological Model -- Institutional Framework For Development and Application of a Three-Dimensional Tropospheric Chemistry System Model (TCSM) -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 7 Tropospheric Chemical Cycles -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- WATER (HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE) -- Sources -- Transport and Distribution -- Transformation and Sinks -- TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES BY C. C. DELWICHE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- OZONE -- Sources -- Sinks -- Distribution/Climatology -- Issues -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- FIXED NITROGEN CYCLE -- Current Issues -- Sources -- Distributions -- Transformations -- Removal -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- SULFUR CYCLE -- Current Issues -- Sources and Distributions -- Carbonyl Sulfide (COS) -- Carbon Disulfide (CS2) -- Dimethylsulfide (Ch3)2S -- Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) -- Transformations and Sinks -- Role of Clouds and Aqueous-Phase Chemistry -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CARBON CYCLE -- Current Issues -- The Cycles of Reactive Carbon Compounds -- Sources -- Distribution -- Transformations and Sinks -- The Cycle of Carbon Dioxide -- Interaction with Other Cycles -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- HALOGENS -- Current Issues -- Distribution of Halogens in the Atmosphere -- Sources of Atmospheric Halogens -- Reactions and Transformations of Halogens -- Removal Processes for Halogens -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- TRACE ELEMENTS -- Current Issues -- Sources and Transport -- Distribution -- Transformations and Sinks -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- AEROSOL PARTICLES -- Sources -- Transport -- Transformations -- Removal Processes -- Distribution -- Conclusions -- BIBLIOGRAPHY. 327 $a8 Instrumentation Development Needs for Use of Mass-Balance Technique -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 9 Instrument and Platform Survey -- INSTRUMENTATION FOR IN SITU MEASUREMENTS -- REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY -- AIRCRAFT PLATFORMS -- OCEANOGRAPHIC PLATFORMS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- APPENDIXES -- Appendix A Current Tropospheric Chemistry Research in the United States -- NAD's Atmospheric Chemistry Program -- NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment -- Noaa's Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change Program -- NSF's Searex Program -- The National ACID Precipitation Assessment Program -- Other Related Programs -- Appendix B Remote Sensor Technology -- Present Spaceborne Sensor Measurements -- Hazy AIR Masses -- Measurement of AIR Pollution from Satellites (MAPS) -- Future Instrument Techniques -- Passive Remote Sensors -- Active Remote Sensors -- Future Thrusts -- Recommendations and Conclusions -- Sensor Systems Panel Recommendations -- Sensing Technology Panel Recommendations -- Summary -- Appendix C Element Cycle Matrices -- INDEX. 330 $aIn a giant step toward managing today's pollution problems more effectively, this report lays out a framework to coordinate an interdisciplinary and international investigation of the chemical composition and cycles of the troposphere. The approach includes geographical surveys, field measurements, the development of appropriate models, and improved instrumentation. 606 $aAtmospheric chemistry 606 $aTroposphere 615 0$aAtmospheric chemistry. 615 0$aTroposphere. 676 $a551.5/11 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910970542903321 996 $aGlobal tropospheric chemistry$94360655 997 $aUNINA