LEADER 04439nam 22006014a 450 001 9910830995903321 005 20230721025859.0 010 $a1-280-72168-5 010 $a9786610721689 010 $a0-470-08906-7 010 $a0-470-08905-9 035 $a(CKB)1000000000354924 035 $a(EBL)281849 035 $a(OCoLC)476027174 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000221279 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11219092 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000221279 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10158175 035 $a(PQKB)10326030 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC281849 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000354924 100 $a20060523d2007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aPhotorefractive materials$b[electronic resource] $efundamental concepts, holographic recording and materials characterization /$fJaime Frejlich 210 $aHoboken, N.J. $cWiley-Interscience$dc2007 215 $a1 online resource (335 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-471-74866-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 293-303) and index. 327 $aPHOTOREFRACTIVE MATERIALS; CONTENTS; LIST OF FIGURES; LIST OF TABLES; PREFACE; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; I FUNDAMENTALS; 1 ELECTRO-OPTIC EFFECT; 1.1 Light propagation in crystals; 1.1.1 Wave propagation in anisotropic media; 1.1.2 General wave equation; 1.1.3 Index ellipsoid; 1.2 Tensorial Analysis; 1.3 Electro-optic effect; 1.3.1 Sillenite-type crystal; 1.3.2 Lithium niobate; 1.3.3 KDP-(KH(2)PO(4)); 1.4 Concluding Remarks; 2 PHOTOACTIVE CENTERS AND PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; 2.1 Photoactive centers: Deep and shallow traps; 2.1.1 Cadmium telluride; 2.1.2 Sillenite-type crystals; 2.1.3 Lithium niobate 327 $a2.2 Photoconductivity2.2.1 Localized states: traps and recombination centers; 2.2.2 Theoretical models; 2.2.2.1 One-center model; 2.2.2.1.1 Steady state under uniform illumination; 2.2.2.2 Two-center/one-charge carrier model; 2.2.2.2.1 Steady state under uniform illumination; 2.2.2.2.2 Light-induced absorption; 2.2.2.3 Dark conductivity and dopants; 2.2.3 Photoconductivity in bulk material; 2.3 Photochromic effect; 2.3.1 Transmittance with light-induced absorption; II HOLOGRAPHIC RECORDING; 3 RECORDING A SPACE-CHARGE ELECTRIC FIELD; 3.1 Index of refraction modulation; 3.2 General formulation 327 $a4.1.1 Out of Bragg condition4.2 Dynamic coupled wave theory; 4.2.1 Combined phase-amplitude stationary gratings; 4.2.1.1 Fundamental properties; 4.2.1.2 Irradiance; 4.2.2 Pure phase grating; 4.2.2.1 Time evolution; 4.2.2.1.1 Undepleted pump approximation; 4.2.2.1.2 Response time with feedback; 4.2.2.2 Stationary hologram; 4.2.2.2.1 Diffraction; 4.2.2.3 Steady-state nonstationary hologram with bulk absorption; 4.2.2.3.1 Diffraction efficiency; 4.2.2.3.2 Output beams phase shift; 4.3 Phase modulation; 4.3.1 Phase Modulation in dynamically recorded gratings 327 $a4.3.1.1 Phase modulation in the signal beam4.3.1.1.1 Unshifted hologram; 4.3.1.1.2 Shifted hologram; 4.3.1.2 Output phase shift; 4.4 Four-wave mixing; 4.5 Final remarks; 5 ANISOTROPIC DIFFRACTION; 5.1 Coupled wave with anisotropic diffraction; 5.2 Anisotropic diffraction and optical activity; 5.2.1 Diffraction efficiency with optical activity ?; 5.2.2 Output polarization direction; 6 STABILIZED HOLOGRAPHIC RECORDING; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Mathematical formulation; 6.2.1 Stabilized stationary recording; 6.2.1.1 Stable equilibrium condition 327 $a6.2.2 Stabilized recording of running (nonstationary) holograms 330 $aPhotorefractive Materials presents an overview of the basic features and properties of photorefractive materials, covering a wide array of related topics. It provides a coherent approach suitable for introductory and advanced students seeking to learn or review the fundamentals, as well as senior researchers who need a reference while investigating more specialized areas. 606 $aCrystal optics 606 $aPhotorefractive materials 615 0$aCrystal optics. 615 0$aPhotorefractive materials. 676 $a620.11295 676 $a621.367 700 $aFrejlich$b Jaime$f1946-$01716262 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910830995903321 996 $aPhotorefractive materials$94111486 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03695nam 22005775 450 001 9910300478703321 005 20220415220633.0 010 $a3-319-59644-6 024 7 $a10.1007/978-3-319-59644-0 035 $a(CKB)4340000000062742 035 $a(DE-He213)978-3-319-59644-0 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4920981 035 $a(PPN)259473952 035 $a(EXLCZ)994340000000062742 100 $a20170719d2018 u| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#008mamaa 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aEgyptian female labor force participation and the future of economic empowerment /$fby Huda Alkitkat 205 $a1st ed. 2018. 210 1$aCham :$cSpringer International Publishing :$cImprint: Springer,$d2018. 215 $a1 online resource (IX, 62 p. 17 illus. in color.) 225 1 $aSpringerBriefs in Political Science,$x2191-5466 311 $a3-319-59643-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters. 327 $aChapter 1: History of Women Economic Empowerment -- Chapter 2: Egyptian Female Profile -- Chapter 3: Trends of Egyptian Females' Participation in Labor Force -- Chapter 4: Future of Egyptian Female Participation in Labor Force -- Chapter 5: Conclusion and Discussion. 330 $aThis book sheds the light on the Egyptian females? participation in labor force since 1960?s up to 2030. The main objective is to study trends of females? participation in labor force and to predict the future participation. Egypt female participation in labor force has been increased slowly during the last fifty years since 1960?s, in spite of the encouragement polices that the government has adopted to empower women, particularly economic empowerment. Egypt's population size has rapidly increased during the past decades to about 90 million inhabitants in 2016. The working-age population (15-64) represents about 64% of the total population. Females represent about 49% of the working age population. However, they represent only about 24% of labor force in Egypt. Through its five chapters, this book will discuss the history of women's economic empowerment in Egypt, provide background on the trends of the most important female characteristics during the last decades, combines descriptive analysis with working life tables to break down the progression of the role of women in the Egyptian labor force, and presents a view of what could come in the time between now and 2030 in terms of the rights of women in this particular region. 410 0$aSpringerBriefs in Political Science,$x2191-5466 606 $aIdentity politics 606 $aMiddle East?Economic conditions 606 $aWomen 606 $aPolitics and Gender$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/911260 606 $aMiddle Eastern and North African Economics$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/W45050 606 $aWomen's Studies$3https://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/X35040 615 0$aIdentity politics. 615 0$aMiddle East?Economic conditions. 615 0$aWomen. 615 14$aPolitics and Gender. 615 24$aMiddle Eastern and North African Economics. 615 24$aWomen's Studies. 676 $a305.420962 700 $aAlkitkat$b Huda$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$0959580 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910300478703321 996 $aEgyptian Female Labor Force Participation and the Future of Economic Empowerment$92174470 997 $aUNINA