LEADER 05221nam 2200625Ia 450 001 9910830820003321 005 20170810194937.0 010 $a1-282-37229-7 010 $a9786612372292 010 $a3-527-62804-5 010 $a3-527-62805-3 035 $a(CKB)2550000000002173 035 $a(EBL)481806 035 $a(OCoLC)658799638 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000349329 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11275808 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000349329 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10348300 035 $a(PQKB)11311575 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC481806 035 $a(PPN)158877756 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000002173 100 $a20081230d2009 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aOptical refrigeration$b[electronic resource] $escience and applications of laser cooling of solids /$fedited by Richard Epstein and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae 210 $aWeinheim $cWiley-VCH$dc2009 215 $a1 online resource (259 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-527-40876-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aOptical Refrigeration; Contents; Preface; 1 Optical Refrigeration in Solids: Fundamentals and Overview; 1.1 Basic Concepts; 1.2 The Four-Level Model for Optical Refrigeration; 1.3 Cooling Rare-Earth-Doped Solids; 1.4 Prospects for Laser Cooling in Semiconductors; 1.5 Experimental Work on Optical Refrigeration in Semiconductors; 1.6 Future Outlook; References; 2 Design and Fabrication of Rare-Earth-Doped Laser Cooling Materials; 2.1 History of Laser Cooling Materials; 2.2 Material Design Considerations; 2.2.1 Active Ions; 2.2.1.1 Rare-Earth Ions for Laser Cooling 327 $a2.2.1.2 Active Ion Concentration2.2.2 Host Materials; 2.2.2.1 Multiphonon Relaxation; 2.2.2.2 Chemical Durability; 2.2.2.3 Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties; 2.2.2.4 Refractive Index; 2.2.3 Material Purity; 2.2.3.1 Vibrational Impurities; 2.2.3.2 Metal-Ion Impurities; 2.3 Preparation of High-Purity Precursors; 2.3.1 Strategies for Preparing High-Purity Precursors; 2.3.2 Process Conditions; 2.3.2.1 Purity of Commercial Precursors; 2.3.2.2 Process Equipment; 2.3.2.3 Clean Environment; 2.3.3 Material Purification; 2.3.3.1 Filtration and Recrystallization 327 $a2.3.3.2 Solvent Extraction Using Chelating Agents2.3.3.3 Fluorination and Drying in Hydrogen Fluoride Gas; 2.3.3.4 Sublimation and Distillation; 2.3.3.5 Electrochemical Purification; 2.3.4 Determination of Trace Impurity Levels; 2.4 Glass Fabrication; 2.4.1 Glass Formation in ZrF(4) Systems; 2.4.2 ZBLAN Glass Fabrication; 2.4.2.1 Melting of the Starting Materials; 2.4.2.2 Evaporative Losses; 2.4.2.3 Dissolution and Homogenization; 2.4.2.4 Optimum Rate of Cooling; 2.4.2.5 Viscosity for Casting; 2.4.2.6 Typical Glass Fabrication Parameters 327 $a2.4.3 Fluoride, Chloride, and Sulfide Glass Fabrication2.5 Halide Crystal Growth; 2.6 Promising Future Materials; 2.6.1 Simplified Fluoride Glasses; 2.6.2 Fluoride Crystals; 2.6.3 Chloride and Bromide Crystals; References; 3 Laser Cooling in Fluoride Single Crystals; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Physical Properties; 3.3 Experimental; 3.3.1 Growth Apparatus; 3.3.2 Spectroscopic Setup; 3.3.3 Cooling Setup; 3.4 Spectroscopic Analysis; 3.5 Cooling Results; 3.5.1 Cooling Potential; 3.5.2 Bulk Cooling; 3.6 Conclusion; References; 4 Er(3+)-Doped Materials for Solid-State Cooling 327 $a4.1 Low Phonon Energy Materials4.1.1 KPb(2)Cl(5) Crystal; 4.1.2 Fluorochloride Glasses; 4.2 Internal Cooling Measurements; 4.3 Bulk Cooling Measurements; 4.4 Influence of Upconversion Processes on the Cooling Efficiency of Er(3+); 4.4.1 Spectroscopic Grounds: Upconversion Properties of Er(3+) Under Pumping in the (4)I(9/2) Manifold; 4.4.2 A Phenomenological Cooling Model Including Upconversion; References; 5 Laser Refrigerator Design and Applications; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Modeling; 5.3 Modeling Results; 5.4 Design Issues; 5.5 Mirror Heating; 5.6 Applications 327 $a5.6.1 Comparison to Other Refrigeration Technologies 330 $aEdited by the two top experts in the field with a panel of International contributors, this is a comprehensive up-to-date review of research and applications.Starting with the basic physical principles of laser cooling of solids, the monograph goes on to discuss the current theoretical issues being resolved and the increasing demands of growth and evaluation of high purity materials suitable for optical refrigeration, while also examining the design and applications of practical cryocoolers.An advanced text for scientists, researchers, engineers, and students (masters, PHDs and Postdoc 606 $aLaser manipulation (Nuclear physics) 606 $aLaser cooling 615 0$aLaser manipulation (Nuclear physics) 615 0$aLaser cooling. 676 $a530.41 701 $aEpstein$b Richard I$046609 701 $aSheik-Bahae$b Mansoor$01668083 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910830820003321 996 $aOptical refrigeration$94028392 997 $aUNINA