LEADER 05727nam 2200697Ia 450 001 9910830646403321 005 20230725041248.0 010 $a1-282-45541-9 010 $a9786612455414 010 $a0-470-68412-7 010 $a0-470-68413-5 035 $a(CKB)1000000000822262 035 $a(EBL)470555 035 $a(OCoLC)553052088 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000341373 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11253324 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000341373 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10389903 035 $a(PQKB)10378941 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC470555 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000822262 100 $a20090810d2010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aPersistent organic pollutants$b[electronic resource] /$fedited by Stuart Harrad 210 $aHoboken, NJ $cWiley$d2010 215 $a1 online resource (291 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4051-6930-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aPersistent Organic Pollutants; Contents; Contributors; 1 Beyond the Stockholm Convention: An Introduction to Current Issues and Future Challenges in POPs Research; References; 2 Brominated Flame Retardants; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Sources; 2.3 Overview of Measurement Techniques; 2.4 Physicochemical Properties and Their Influence on Environmental Fate and Behaviour; 2.5 Overview of Toxicology; 2.6 Environmental Levels - Present, Past and Future Temporal Trends; 2.7 Human Exposure - Magnitude and Relative Significance of Pathways; 2.8 Summary and Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References 327 $a3 Perfluoroalkyl Compounds3.1 Introduction and Nomenclature; 3.1.1 Polyfluorinated Sulfonamides (FSAs); 3.1.2 Fluorotelomer Alcohols (FTOHs); 3.1.3 Perfluoroalkylsulfonic Acids/Perfluoroalkylsulfonates (PFSAs); 3.1.4 Perfluorocarboxylic Acids/Perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs); 3.1.5 Fluorotelomer Carboxylic Acids/Fluorotelomer Carboxylates; 3.1.6 Fluorotelomer Sulfonic Acids/Fluorotelomer Sulfonates; 3.1.7 Fluorinated Polymers; 3.1.8 Uses of PFCs; 3.2 Manufacturing and Production; 3.2.1 Electrochemical Fluorination; 3.2.2 Telomerization; 3.2.3 Production; 3.3 Overview of Toxicology 327 $a3.3.1 Toxicology of PFSAs and PFCAs3.3.2 Toxicology of FTOHs and FSAs; 3.3.3 Toxicology of FTCAs/FTUCAs; 3.4 Physical Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate; 3.4.1 The Influence of Fluorine; 3.4.2 Water Solubility; 3.4.3 Vapour Pressure; 3.4.4 Henry's Law Constants; 3.4.5 Sorption; 3.4.6 Bioaccumulation; 3.4.7 Other Partitioning Properties; 3.4.8 Persistence of PFCs in the Environment; 3.5 Overview of Measurement Techniques; 3.5.1 Background Contamination; 3.5.2 Sampling Techniques; 3.5.3 Extraction and Clean-up Methods; 3.5.4 Analysis via Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry 327 $a3.5.5 Analysis via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry3.5.6 Analysis via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; 3.5.7 Total Fluorine Analysis; 3.5.8 Analytical Challenges; 3.6 Human Exposure; 3.7 Sources of PFCs to the Environment; 3.7.1 Sources of FSAs and FTOHs; 3.7.2 Sources of PFSAs and PFCAs; 3.7.3 Sources of PFSAs and PFCAs to the Arctic; 3.8 Environmental Measurements; 3.8.1 Atmosphere; 3.8.2 Precipitation; 3.8.3 Groundwater; 3.8.4 Surface Waters; 3.8.5 Sediments; 3.8.6 Wildlife; 3.8.7 Temporal Trends; References; 4 Chirality as an Environmental Forensics Tool; 4.1 Introduction 327 $a4.2 Classes of Chiral Legacy and Persistent Organic Pollutants4.2.1 Organochlorine Pesticides; 4.2.2 PCBs and Their Metabolites; 4.2.3 Pyrethroids; 4.2.4 Polycyclic Musks; 4.2.5 Brominated Flame Retardants; 4.3 Measuring and Quantifying Enantiomer composition of POPs; 4.3.1 Measurement of Chiral POPs; 4.3.2 Metrics for Expressing Enantiomer Composition of POPs; 4.4 Chirality to Characterize Environmental Biochemical Processes; 4.4.1 Enantiomer-Specific Microbial Biotransformation of Chiral POPs; 4.4.2 Enantiomer-Specific Transformation and Processing of Chiral POPs by Biota 327 $a4.5 Chirality to Quantify Rates of Biotransformation 330 $aPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms and are toxic to humans and wildlife. The Stockholm Convention on POPs is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from POPs which came into force in 2004. Currently, twelve substances or substance groups are included under the Stockholm Convention, but there is a case for including new and emerging POPs such as brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated substances. 606 $aOrganohalogen compounds$xToxicology 606 $aOrganohalogen compounds$xEnvironmental aspects 606 $aFireproofing agents$xToxicology 606 $aFireproofing agents$xEnvironmental aspects 606 $aPersistent pollutants$xBioaccumulation 606 $aPersistent pollutants$xEnvironmental aspects 615 0$aOrganohalogen compounds$xToxicology. 615 0$aOrganohalogen compounds$xEnvironmental aspects. 615 0$aFireproofing agents$xToxicology. 615 0$aFireproofing agents$xEnvironmental aspects. 615 0$aPersistent pollutants$xBioaccumulation. 615 0$aPersistent pollutants$xEnvironmental aspects. 676 $a577.278 701 $aHarrad$b Stuart$f1962-$01721418 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910830646403321 996 $aPersistent organic pollutants$94121027 997 $aUNINA