LEADER 06888nam 2200661Ia 450 001 9910829111603321 005 20240416235704.0 010 $a1-280-22196-8 010 $a9786610221967 010 $a0-309-54241-3 010 $a0-585-15570-4 035 $a(CKB)110986584750708 035 $a(OCoLC)427404649 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10062740 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000109992 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11138168 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000109992 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10059442 035 $a(PQKB)10065259 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376909 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376909 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10062740 035 $a(OCoLC)923266869 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584750708 100 $a19860612d1986 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aBehavioral and social science $efifty years of discovery : in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the "Ogburn report," Recent social trends in the United States /$fNeil J. Smelser and Dean R. Gerstein, editors ; Committee on Basic Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1986 215 $a1 online resource (310 p.) 300 $aSymposium held Nov. 29-30, 1983. 311 $a0-309-03588-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographies. 327 $aBehavioral and Social Science Fifty Years of Discovery -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- Contents -- INTRODUCTION -- UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL CHANGE -- NUMBERS AND DECISIONMAKING -- DISCOVERING THE MIND AT WORK -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL CHANGE -- The Ogburn Vision Fifty Years Later -- READING THE OGBURN COMMITTEE REPORT TODAY -- THE OGBURN VISION OF SOCIAL PROCESS -- SOCIAL CHANGE -- SOCIAL PROBLEMS -- DOCUMENTATION BY OBJECTIVE FACTS -- SOCIAL INVENTION -- APPLICATION BY POLICY CHANGE -- SOCIAL AMELIORATION -- A CONCLUDING NOTE -- References -- Measuring Social Change -- INTRODUCTION -- SOCIAL INVENTIONS -- Major Social Inventions and Their Consequences -- Human Testing -- Sample Surveys -- Reduction of Cultural Lags -- Statistics and Quality Control -- Cohort Analysis -- CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL CHANGE FOR MEASURES AND MEASUREMENT -- Concepts and Measures as Products of Social Life -- Social Change and the Organization of Ways of Knowing -- The Paradox of Method -- Consequences of Institutionalizing Measures of Changes -- Some Consequences of the Organization of Statistical Indicators -- THE CONCEPTUALIZATION AND MEASUREMENT OF SOCIAL CHANGE -- Individualistic Biases in Studying Social Change -- Lags in Measuring Social Change -- Need for an National Statistical System -- A SUMMING UP -- References -- Uncertainty, Diversity, and Organizational Change -- CENTRALITY OF ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES IN LARGE-SCALE SOCIAL CHANGE -- Rational and Natural System Perspectives -- Perspectives On Organizational Change -- An Ecological-Evolutionary Approach -- Organizational Diversity -- NICHE THEORY -- INSTITUTIONAL ISOMORPHISM -- DISCUSSION -- Macroeconomic Modeling and Forecasting -- ORIGINS OF THE SUBJECT -- A PERIOD OF EXPANSION -- CONTRIBUTION TO THOUGHT -- SOME NEW LINES OF DEVELOPMENT -- References -- NUMBERS AND DECISIONMAKING. 327 $aPublic Statistics and Democratic Politics -- DEMOCRATIC ACCOUNTABILITY -- REPRESENTATION OF DIVERSE INTERESTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Deterrence in Criminology and Social Policy -- INTRODUCTION -- TWO FUNDAMENTAL PERSPECTIVES ON CRIMINAL CONDUCT -- STREET CRIMES -- Certainty of Punishment -- Severity of Punishment -- The Death Penalty -- Other Punishments -- Summary -- DRUNK DRIVING -- Certainty of Punishment -- Scandinavian-Type Laws -- Enforcement Crackdowns -- Severity of Punishment -- Statutory Changes -- Judicial Crackdowns -- Summary -- RESEARCH AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- The Continued Reliance On Deterrence -- The Prospect For Increased Certainty -- Alternatives To Deterrence -- References -- Choices, Values, and Frames -- RISKY CHOICE -- Framing of Outcomes -- The Psychophysics of Chances -- Formulation Effects -- TRANSACTIONS AND TRADES -- Losses and Costs -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- References -- DISCOVERING THE MIND AT WORK -- Changing Views of Cognitive Competence in the Young -- THEORETICAL BACKGROUND -- STUDYING INFANT KNOWLEDGE -- Early Knowledge of Objects -- Abstract Concepts -- Summary -- PRESCHOOL THOUGHT -- Principles About Numbers, Causes, and Objects -- Number -- Causality -- Objects -- Making Plans and Strategies -- Strategies for Remembering -- Theory-building -- Summary -- THE TRANSITION TO FORMAL SCHOOLING -- Incomplete Knowledge -- The Expansion of Strategic Powers -- Formal and Informal Teaching -- Learned Academic Helplessness -- Reawakening the Active Learner -- Summary -- CONCLUSION -- References -- Some Developments in Research On Language Behavior -- INTRODUCTION -- The Structure of Language -- Three Areas of Applied Research in Language -- THE GENERATIVE REVOLUTION IN LINGUISTICS -- Acoustic Phonetics -- AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE -- BRAIN SPECIALIZATION FOR LANGUAGE. 327 $aEvidence from Studies of Aphasia -- Evidence from Split-Brain Studies -- Evidence From Studies of Asl "Aphasia -- LANGUAGE ACQUISITION -- CONCLUSION -- References -- Visual Perception of Real and Represented Objects and Events -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PRE-1850S: ARTISTS, PHILOSOPHERS, AND PHYSICISTS -- PSYCHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY FROM 1850-1950 -- THE 1950S AND AFTER: "DIRECT" SENSITIVITY TO OBJECT ATTRIBUTES -- The Evidence For Perceptual Rules Rather Than Lookup Tables -- The Doctrine That Event Perception Is Both Fundamental and Veridical -- COMPUTERS AND PERCEPTUAL PSYCHOLOGY -- Obtaining Data -- Modeling Theories and Explanations -- Embodying Perceptual Functions -- The Computer As An Analogy To Perception -- Computer Science in Perceptual Psychology Research -- Why Models of Human Perception Are Needed -- MENTAL STRUCTURE IN OBJECT PERCEPTION AND REPRESENTATION -- References. 606 $aSocial sciences$xResearch$zUnited States$vCongresses 606 $aSocial change$vCongresses 606 $aSocial policy$vCongresses 607 $aUnited States$xSocial policy$vCongresses 615 0$aSocial sciences$xResearch 615 0$aSocial change 615 0$aSocial policy 676 $a300/.72073 701 $aSmelser$b Neil J$089308 701 $aGerstein$b Dean R$01604172 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommittee on Basic Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910829111603321 996 $aBehavioral and social science$94032670 997 $aUNINA