LEADER 11452nam 2200697 a 450 001 9910828978103321 005 20240416235420.0 010 $a1-280-21196-2 010 $a9786610211968 010 $a0-309-53722-3 010 $a0-585-02824-9 035 $a(CKB)111004366659566 035 $a(OCoLC)559100678 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10060395 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000242640 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11218724 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000242640 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10320488 035 $a(PQKB)11781907 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376828 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376828 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10060395 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL21196 035 $a(OCoLC)814277954 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111004366659566 100 $a19901129d1991 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aSeafood safety /$fCommittee on Evaluation of the Safety of Fishery Products, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Farid E. Ahmed, editor 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cNational Academy Press$d1991 215 $a1 online resource (448 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-309-10374-6 311 $a0-309-04387-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aSEAFOOD SAFETY -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Executive Summary -- OVERVIEW -- NATURE AND EXTENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS -- General -- Microorganisms and Parasites -- Extent of Risk -- Principal Conclusions -- Principal Recommendations -- Natural Toxins -- Extent of Risk -- Principal Conclusions -- Principal Recommendations -- Chemical Residues -- Extent of Risk -- Principal Conclusions -- Principal Recommendations -- SCOPE AND ADEQUACY OF CURRENT SEAFOOD SAFETY PROGRAMS -- Regulatory Guidelines, Monitoring, and Inspection -- Principal Conclusions -- Principal Recommendations -- OPTIONS FOR REDUCING PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS -- Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance Measures -- Characteristics of Control Requirements -- Legislative Considerations -- Education and Information Measures -- Recommendations for Improved Inspection Strategies -- POTENTIAL IMPACT OF PROPOSED OPTIONS -- DIRECTION FOR DATA COLLECTION AND FUTURE RESEARCH -- 2 Seafood Production, Distribution, and Consumption -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE SEAFOOD INDUSTRY -- FISHERY RESOURCES -- AQUACULTURE -- CONSUMPTION TRENDS -- ACTIVITIES IN OTHER COUNTRIES -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Microbiological and Parasitic Exposure and Health Effects -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PATHOGENS NATURALLY PRESENT IN MARINE OR FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENTS -- Naturally Occurring Marine Bacteria Associated with Human Disease -- Vibrio cholerae O1 -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae of O Groups Other Than 1) -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Vibrio vulnificus -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Other Vibrio Species -- Aeromonas -- Plesiomonas. 327 $aHelminthic Agents Present in Seafood -- Trematodes -- Cestodes -- Nematodes -- Other Nematodes -- PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH FECAL POLLUTION OF THE MARINE OR FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT -- Viral Human Enteric Pathogens -- Hepatitis Type A (Enterovirus Type 72) -- Caliciviruses and Astroviruses -- Unclassified Viruses -- Disease Control for Human Enteric Viruses -- PROCESSING, DISTRIBUTION, AND PREPARATION-RELATED PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS -- Bacterial Pathogens -- Salmonella -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Campylobacter jejuni -- Escherichia coli -- Yersinia enterocolitica -- Listeria -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Clostridium botulinum -- Epidemiology and risk assessment -- Disease control -- Shigella -- Staphylococcus aureus -- Viral Pathogens -- Impact of Processing Technology -- Heat Treatment -- Modified Atmospheres and Vacuum Packaging -- PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT -- Risk Assessment -- Hazard Identification -- Dose-Response Assessment -- Exposure Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- Risk Management -- Pathogens in Marine or Freshwater Environments -- Pathogens Associated with Pollution -- Pathogens Associated with Processing and Distribution -- Imports -- Future Risk -- Ethnic foods and regional considerations -- Aquaculture -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Conclusions -- Raw Molluscan Shellfish -- Other Seafoods -- Recommendations -- Specific Recommendations for Raw Molluscan Shellfish -- General Recommendations for All Seafoods -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 4 Naturally Occurring Fish and Shellfish Poisons -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SPECIFIC INTOXICATIONS -- Ciguatera -- Scombroid (Histamine) Fish Poisoning -- Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) -- Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP) -- Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) -- Puffer Fish Poisoning (PFP) -- Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP). 327 $aOther Toxins -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- 5 Occurrence of Chemical Contaminants in Seafood and Variability of Contaminant Levels -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TOXIC AGENTS AND POTENTIAL TYPES OF HEALTH EFFECTS -- Metals and Other Inorganics -- Specific Trace Metals -- Arsenic -- Cadmium -- Lead -- Mercury -- Selenium -- Organic Compounds -- Specific Organics -- Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) -- Dioxins -- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) -- Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides -- Contamination Problems in Aquaculture -- Sulfonamides -- Antibiotics -- Nitrofurans -- Conclusions -- Contaminants as a Result of Processing -- Nitrosamines -- Products of chlorination, bromination, and iodination -- Residues of ozonation -- Sulfites -- DATA ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION -- Introduction -- National Status and Trends Program -- Federal Survey of PCBs in Atlantic Coast Bluefish -- National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program -- Regional Reports -- EVIDENCE FOR TRACE-METAL AND ORGANIC CONTAMINATION -- Molluscan Shellfish -- Trace Metals -- Arsenic (As) -- Cadmium (Cd) -- Lead (Pb) -- Mercury (Hg) -- Selenium (Se) -- Organics -- Polychlorinated biphenyls -- Polyaromatic hydrocarbons -- Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides -- Finfish -- Trace Metals -- Arsenic -- Cadmium -- Lead -- Mercury -- Selenium -- Organics -- Polychlorinated biphenyls -- Dioxins -- Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides -- Conclusions -- POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR REDUCING EXPOSURES -- Analysis of Potential Benefits from Geographic Restrictions on Harvesting/Marketing -- Analysis of Potential for Reducing Population Exposure to Mercury from Swordfish and PCBs from Bluefish via Size Restrictions -- NOTES -- APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 5 -- PRESENT STATUS OF DOSE-RESPONSE DATA FOR TRACE METALS OF GREATEST POTENTIAL TOXICITY -- Arsenic -- Cadmium. 327 $aLead -- Mercury -- Selenium -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- 6 Chemical Health Risk Assessment-Critique of Existing Practices and Suggestions for Improvement -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BROAD CATEGORIZATION OF MECHANISMS OF DIFFERENT ADVERSE EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS -- Traditional Acute Toxicity -- Traditional Chronic Toxicity -- Molecular Biological (Stochastic Process) Diseases -- Chronic Cumulative Conditions -- CRITIQUE OF RISK ASSESSMENTS USED IN FORMULATING CONTAMINANT GUIDELINES/TOLERANCES FOR SPECIFIC CHEMICALS AND SUGGESTIONS? -- Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) -- Background -- FDA Assessment of Costs and Risks for PCBs in Fish -- Suggestions for Improved Analysis -- Methylmercury -- FDA Risk Assessment and Current Regulations -- Available Data on Blood Levels in the U.S. Population -- Methylmercury dose, blood levels, and population risks -- Conclusions and Recommendations for Changes in Risk Assessment Practices -- ESTIMATING HUMAN INTAKE OF CONTAMINANTS FROM SEAFOOD AND SOME ASSOCIATED RISKS -- Review of Data Bases Available for Estimating Exposures -- FDA Total Diet Study -- FDA Pesticide Monitoring Files -- National Marine Fisheries Service Survey -- Fisheries of the United States, 1987 -- Exposures from Sport, Subsistence, and Tribal Fishing -- Exposures from Commercial Seafood -- Dietary Intake of Seafood of Various Species -- Inorganic Contaminant Exposures and Suggested Acceptable Intake -- Use of NMFS Survey of Trace-Element Data -- Antimony -- Arsenic -- Cadmium -- Chromium -- Lead -- Mercury -- Selenium -- Estimates Of Cancer Risks From Organic Contaminants -- Comparison of Imported and Domestic Seafood -- Exposures from Sport, Subsistence, and Tribal Fishing -- Puget Sound Contaminated Recreational Fish Study -- Regional Studies of Contaminants -- Atlantic Coast Bluefish Contamination. 327 $aSouthern California Sport Fishery -- Conclusions -- Consumer Information and Labeling Programs, and Fishing Advisories -- PROBABLE HEALTH RISKS FROM FISH AND SHELLFISH CONSUMPTION-RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH -- Classic Acute and Chronic Toxic Effects -- Reproductive Effects -- Carcinogenesis -- Chronic Cumulative Toxic Effects -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Significance of the Risk -- Potential for Control -- Performance of Current Federal Regulatory Authorities in Assessing and Managing Risks -- Data Gathering for Risk and Control Analysis -- Risk Assessment Practices -- Risk Management -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 7 Statistical Sampling Issues in the Control of Seafood Hazards -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SURVEILLANCE AND COMPLIANCE SAMPLING -- ATTRIBUTES AND VARIABLES SAMPLING PLANS -- Two-Class Attributes Plans -- Three-Class Attributes Plans -- Most Probable Number (MPN) -- SURVEY OF CURRENT SAMPLING PLANS -- Salmonella Sampling Plans -- Staphylococcus aureus Plans -- Plans for Fish, Fresh or Frozen -- Fish-Adulteration by Parasites -- Crabmeat-Adulteration with Filth Containing Escherichia coli -- Langostinos-Adulteration by Bacterial Contamination -- Canned Salmon-Adulteration Involving Decomposition -- Shrimp - Adulteration Involving Decomposition -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 8 Seafood Surveillance and Control Programs -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- RESPONSIBILITIES AND PROGRAMS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT -- Standards and Guidelines -- Tolerances -- Action Levels -- Seafood Deemed Injurious to Public Health -- National Shellfish Sanitation Program -- Inspection and Enforcement -- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -- U.S. Food and Drug Administration -- Import control program -- Routine and periodic surveys for residual chemicals -- National Marine Fisheries Service -- Training and Educational Programs. 327 $aPublic Health Monitoring. 606 $aSeafood$xHealth aspects 606 $aSeafood$xSafety measures 606 $aSeafood$xContamination 615 0$aSeafood$xHealth aspects. 615 0$aSeafood$xSafety measures. 615 0$aSeafood$xContamination. 676 $a363.19/29 701 $aAhmed$b Farid E$01680622 712 02$aInstitute of Medicine (U.S.).$bCommittee on Evaluation of the Safety of Fishery Products. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910828978103321 996 $aSeafood safety$94049437 997 $aUNINA