LEADER 11758nam 2200697 a 450 001 9910828533903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-19599-1 010 $a9786610195992 010 $a0-309-58562-7 010 $a0-585-01997-5 035 $a(CKB)110986584751316 035 $a(OCoLC)42328741 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10055555 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000236574 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11235157 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000236574 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10189575 035 $a(PQKB)11594000 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3376376 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3376376 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10055555 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL19599 035 $a(OCoLC)923263303 035 $a(EXLCZ)99110986584751316 100 $a19930923d1993 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aResearch to protect, restore, and manage the environment /$fCommittee on Environmental Research, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, DC $cNational Academy Press$d1993 215 $a1 online resource (1 PDF file (xii, 242 pages)) $cillustrations 300 $aCommittee chairman: Dale R. Corson. 300 $aStudy was sponsored by the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Science Foundation, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, the Department of Energy and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 311 0 $a0-309-04929-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aResearch to Protect, Restore, and Manage the Environment -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- CULTURAL CHANGES -- RESEARCH DIRECTED TO PROTECTION, RESTORATION, AND MANAGEMENT -- NATIONAL-LEVEL LEADERSHIP AND COORDINATION -- NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN FOR RESEARCH -- LINKAGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND POLICY -- PERFORMANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- BALANCE -- CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF THE NATION'S ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS -- ORGANIZING ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AND MAKING IT AVAILABLE -- ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND INFORMATION -- ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES -- FRAMEWORK A -- FRAMEWORK D -- FRAMEWORKS B AND C -- COSTS AND OTHER FACTORS -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- ORIGIN, SCOPE, AND ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- OTHER REPORTS -- NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE ENVIRONMENT: CHOOSING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE -- CARNEGIE COMMISSION ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND GOVERNMENT: ENVIRONMENTALRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: S... -- COMMITTEE FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT -- RECENT NATIONAL EVENTS -- 2 PERSPECTIVE -- OUR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ARE SERIOUS -- WE HAVE LEARNED MANY LESSONS ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS -- WE MUST UNDERSTAND COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS -- WE HAVE NEW TOOLS -- WE NEED NEW ORGANIZATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- SCIENCE BY ITSELF IS NOT ENOUGH -- SUMMARY -- 3 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF CURRENT FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS -- CREATING THE KNOWLEDGE NECESSARY TO CHARACTERIZE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSAND CHALLENGES -- GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC, OCEANIC, AND EARTH SYSTEM -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- ECOLOGY -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- BIODIVERSITY -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- SOCIAL SCIENCES -- How Well Are We Doing?. 327 $aWhy Are We Not Doing Better? -- ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- CREATING AND MANAGING INFORMATION SYSTEMS -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- SUPPORTING THE RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- SETTING AND COORDINATING A NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PLAN -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- BRINGING KNOWLEDGE AND PERSPECTIVE TO BEAR ON POLICY ISSUES -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- ESTABLISHING APPROPRIATE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMS -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- ESTABLISHING AND NURTURING STRONG LINKS WITH BUSINESS -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- ESTABLISHING AND NURTURING COMMUNICATION LINKS WITH THE GENERAL PUBLIC -- How Well Are We Doing? -- Why Are We Not Doing Better? -- SYNTHESIS OF HOW WELL WE ARE DOING AND WHY WE ARE NOT DOING BETTER -- 4 DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF FEDERALLY SUPPORTED ENVIRONMENTALRESEARCH PROGRAMS -- A FOCUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ON PROTECTION, RESTORATION, AND MANAGEMENT -- RESEARCH DIRECTIONS -- RESEARCH FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND RESTORATION -- RESEARCH FOR INNOVATION IN MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES -- RESEARCH APPROACH -- RESEARCH-PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS -- CROSSING DISCIPLINES AND SCALES -- CROSSING MISSIONS -- UTILITY FOR DECISION-MAKING AND POLICY FORMATION -- PLURALISM -- MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH -- CONSISTENCY OF FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- ADEQUACY OF FUNDING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- A BALANCE BETWEEN INTRAMURAL AND EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH -- INVESTIGATOR-INITIATED, PEER-REVIEWED RESEARCH -- INTERNATIONAL SCOPE -- EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY -- COMBINATION OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE-SECTOR ACTIVITIES -- NATIONAL-LEVEL LEADERSHIP AND COORDINATION. 327 $aPLANNING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- LINKAGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND POLICY -- ORGANIZING ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AND MAKING IT AVAILABLE -- CONTINUING EVALUATION OF THE NATION'S AND WORLD'S ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS -- ROLE OF NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION -- ROLE OF SECTOR AND MISSION AGENCIES -- ROLE OF FEDERAL LABORATORIES -- PUBLIC-SECTOR AND PRIVATE-SECTOR COLLABORATION -- EDUCATION AND TRAINING -- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON RESEARCH AND POLICY -- DESIRABLE OUTCOMES -- 5 RECOMMENDATIONS -- CULTURAL CHANGES -- RESEARCH DIRECTED TO PROTECTION, RESTORATION, AND MANAGEMENT -- NATIONAL-LEVEL LEADERSHIP AND COORDINATION -- NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN FOR RESEARCH -- LINKAGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND POLICY -- PERFORMANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- DISCIPLINARY BALANCE -- MULTIDISCIPLINARY BALANCE -- MISSION-AGENCY BALANCE AND USE OF EXTRAMURAL FUNDING MECHANISMS -- CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF THE NATION'S ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS -- ORGANIZING ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AND MAKING IT AVAILABLE -- ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND INFORMATION -- ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES -- FRAMEWORK A: CURRENT AGENCY STRUCTURE WITH ENHANCEMENTS -- Description -- Agencies Incorporated -- Relationships Among the Agencies -- Basic-Research Emphasis -- Monitoring -- Education and Training -- Linkages of Agency Programs to Nonfederal Parties -- National Science Foundation -- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration -- Environmental Protection Agency -- Other Agencies -- Implementation of the Cultural Changes -- Research on Protection, Restoration, and Management -- National Environmental Council -- National Environmental Plan -- Environmental Status and Trends Program -- National Environmental Data and Information System -- Environmental Assessment Center -- FRAMEWORK B: THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AS PROPOSEDBY THE COMMITTEE FOR THE NATIONAL. 327 $aDescription -- Agencies Involved -- Relationship to Other Parties -- Agreement with Cultural Changes Recommended by our Committee -- FRAMEWORK C: A NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- Description -- Agencies Incorporated -- Relationship to Other Agencies -- Implementation of the Cultural Changes -- Research Focus on Protection, Restoration, and Management of Resources and Research Performance Char... -- Specific Research Fields -- National Environmental Council and National Environmental Plan -- National Status and Trends Program and National Environmental Data and Information System -- Environmental Assessment Center -- FRAMEWORK D: A DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT -- Description -- Agencies Incorporated -- Relationship to Other Agencies -- Implementation of the Cultural Changes -- Research Focus on Protection, Restoration, and Management of Resources and Research Performance Char... -- National Environmental Council -- National Environmental Plan -- National Environmental Status and Trends Program and National Environmental Data and Information System -- Environmental Assessment Center -- DISCUSSION OF THE FRAMEWORKS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE -- CURRENT AGENCY STRUCTURE WITH ENHANCEMENTS (FRAMEWORK A) -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (FRAMEWORK B) -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (FRAMEWORK C) -- DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT (FRAMEWORK D) -- ELEVATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY TO CABINET STATUS -- COST -- Appendix A ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS OF FEDERAL RESEARCH AGENCIES -- INTRODUCTION -- DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDS -- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE -- DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE -- DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY -- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR -- U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY -- FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE -- MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE -- NATIONAL PARK SERVICE -- BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT -- BUREAU OF RECLAMATION. 327 $aENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY -- OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- RECENT DIRECTIONS -- RESEARCH PLANNING -- LABORATORIES AND RESEARCH CENTERS -- RESEARCH GRANTS AND CENTERS -- OTHER RESEARCH ACTIVITIES -- NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION -- NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE -- NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION -- DIRECTORATE FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES -- DIRECTORATE FOR GEOSCIENCES -- DIRECTORATE FOR SOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES -- DIRECTORATE FOR ENGINEERING -- SOME IMPORTANT FEATURES OF NSF -- ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AT OTHER AGENCIES -- AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT -- SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION -- TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY -- DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION -- COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY -- INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS -- NATIONAL ACID PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT PROGRAM -- OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY -- ORGANIZATION OF FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AND INFORMATIONSYSTEMS -- GLOBAL-CHANGE DATA MANAGEMENT -- Department of Agriculture -- Department of Commerce -- Department of Defense -- Department of Energy -- Department of the Interior -- Environmental Protection Agency -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- National Science Foundation -- FEDERAL GEOGRAPHIC DATA COMMITTEE -- OTHER FEDERAL AGENCY DATA ACTIVITIES -- Environmental Protection Agency -- U.S. Geological Survey -- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration -- National Science Foundation -- APPENDIX B BIODIVERSITY -- HOW MUCH IS THERE? -- WHERE IS IT? -- WHAT ARE THE THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY? -- OVEREXPLOITATION -- INTRODUCTIONS -- HABITAT DESTRUCTION -- APPENDIX C PROPOSAL OF THE COMMITTEE FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FORTHE ENVIRONMENT -- THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT -- Mission -- Goals -- Guiding Principles. 327 $aEXECUTIVE SUMMARYTHE NATIONAL INSTITUTES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT A PROPOSAL. 606 $aEnvironmental sciences$xResearch$zUnited States 606 $aEnvironmental policy$zUnited States 606 $aEnvironmentalism 615 0$aEnvironmental sciences$xResearch 615 0$aEnvironmental policy 615 0$aEnvironmentalism. 676 $a363.7/0072073 701 $aCorson$b Dale R$048896 712 02$aNational Research Council (U.S.).$bCommission on Life Sciences. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910828533903321 996 $aResearch to protect, restore, and manage the environment$94031166 997 $aUNINA