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100   $a20140207d2014      uy         0
101 0 $aeng
135   $aurcn|||||||||
181   $ctxt$2rdacontent
182   $cn$2rdamedia
183   $anc$2rdacarrier
200 14$aThe inverting pyramid $epension systems facing demographic challenges in Europe and Central Asia /$fAnita M. Schwarz and Omar S. Arias
205   $a1st ed.
210  1$aWashington, DC :$cWorld Bank,$dc2014.
215   $a1 online resource (xxii, 276 pages) $cillustrations (chiefly color) ;$d24 cm
225 0 $aEurope and Central Asia reports
225  0$aEurope and Central Asia reports
300   $aDescription based upon print version of record.
311   $a0-8213-9908-X 
320   $aIncludes bibliographical references.
327   $aExecutive summary -- The inverting pyramid -- The evolution of public pension programs -- Have the pension reforms to date been enough? -- The role of savings in the provision of retirement income -- Financing pensions in Europe and Central Asia -- Working more, longer, and more productively -- Lessons from two decades of pension reform and policy solutions for the future.
330   $aEurope's pension systems -among the most celebrated features of its social welfare model- face tremendous challenges. With only 11 percent of the world's population, Europe spends about 60 percent of global outlays on social protection, largely in pensions. In many countries, pension rules have encouraged people to retire sooner, while enjoying longer lives. Payroll taxes on a continuously expanding contributory base have financed these benefits. This model of pension provision is now being severely tested as pension systems reach maturity, while the population is aging and the labor force is
410  0$aWorld Bank e-Library.
606   $aPensions$zEurope
606   $aPensions$zAsia, Central
607   $aEurope$xPopulation
607   $aAsia, Central$xPopulation
615  0$aPensions
615  0$aPensions
676   $a331.25/2094
700   $aSchwarz$b Anita Mahesh$f1957-$01621485
701   $aSchwarz$b Anita Mahesh$f1957-$01621485
801  0$bDLC
801  1$bDLC
801  2$bDLC
906   $aBOOK
912   $a9910828476103321
996   $aThe inverting pyramid$93954776
997   $aUNINA