LEADER 04150nam 2200601Ia 450 001 9910827687703321 005 20240410153942.0 010 $a0-8157-3233-3 035 $a(CKB)111087027973536 035 $a(OCoLC)614570337 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10063897 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000136541 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12053659 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000136541 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10082554 035 $a(PQKB)11122167 035 $a(OCoLC)1132226911 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse73281 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3004421 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10063897 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3004421 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111087027973536 100 $a20041017d2002 my 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aDemocracy by disclosure $ethe rise of technopopulism /$fMary Graham 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cGovernance Institute/Brookings Institution Press$dc2002 215 $a1 online resource (215 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-8157-3234-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aMachine generated contents note: 1 The Power of Publicity 1 2 Accounting for Toxic Pollution 21 3 Food Labeling to Reduce Disease 62 4 An Epidemic of Medical Errors 104 5 Disclosure as Social Policy 137 Appendix: The Architecture of Disclosure Systems 158. 330 $aIn December 1999, the Institute of Medicine shocked the nation by reporting that as many as 98,000 Americans died each year from mistakes in hospitals--twice the number killed in auto accidents. Instead of strict rules and harsh penalties to reduce those risks, the Institute called for a system of standardized disclosure of medical errors. If it worked, it would create economic and political pressures for hospitals to improve their practices. Since the mid-1980s, Congress and state legislatures have approved scores of new disclosure laws to fight racial discrimination, reduce corruption, and improve services. The most ambitious systems aim to reduce risks in everyday life--risks from toxic pollution, contaminants in drinking water, nutrients in packaged foods, lead paint, workplace hazards, and SUV rollovers. Unlike traditional government warnings, they require corporations and other organizations to produce standardized factual information at regular intervals about risks they create. Legislated transparency has become a mainstream instrument of social policy. Mary Graham argues that these requirements represent a remarkable policy innovation. Enhanced by computers and the Internet, they are creating a new techno-populism--an optimistic conviction that information itself can improve the lives of ordinary citizens and encourage hospitals, manufacturers, food processors, banks, airlines, and other organizations to further public priorities. Drawing on detailed profiles of disclosure systems for toxic releases, nutritional labeling, and medical errors, Graham explains why the move toward greater transparency has flourished during a time of regulatory retrenchment and why corporations have often supported these massive raids on proprietary information. However, Democracy by Disclosure, sounds a cautionary note. Just as systems of financial 330 8 $adisclosure have come under new scrutiny in the wake of Enron's collapse, systems of social disclosure deserve car. 606 $aDisclosure of information$xGovernment policy$zUnited States 606 $aDisclosure of information$xGovernment policy$zUnited States$xStates 607 $aUnited States$xSocial policy$y1980-1993 607 $aUnited States$xSocial policy$y1993- 615 0$aDisclosure of information$xGovernment policy 615 0$aDisclosure of information$xGovernment policy$xStates. 676 $a361.6/1/0973 700 $aGraham$b Mary$f1944-$01074260 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910827687703321 996 $aDemocracy by disclosure$94038671 997 $aUNINA